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SENIGALLIA, or SINIGAGLIA (anc. Sena Gallica) , a city and episcopal see of theSee also: Marches, See also: Italy, in the province of See also: Ancona, on the See also: coast of the Adriatic, 15 M. by See also: rail N. of Ancona
.
Pop
.
(1901) 5556 (See also: town), 23,195 (commune)
.
It is situated at 14 ft. above See also: sea-level, and, despite its See also: ancient origin, presents a See also: modern appearance, with wide streets
.
The Palazzo Comunale See also: dates from the 17th century
.
The See also: cathedral was erected after 1787
.
The See also: castle, ,of See also: Gothic origin, was restored by See also: Baccio Pontelli, a famous military architect, in 1492
.
The See also: church of S Maria delle Grazie outside the town is one of the only two churches which he is known to have executed (the other is at Orciano near Mondavio, about 15 M. to the west by road)
.
The small
See also: port is formed by the See also: lower reaches of the Misa, a stream which flows through the town between embankments constructed of Istrian marble
.
The inhabitants are chiefly occupied in fishing, and in the summer the town is greatly frequented by visitors for the See also: good sea-bathing
.
Senigallia used to hold one of the largest fairs in Italy, which dated originally from 1200, when See also: Sergius, count of Senigallia, received from the count of See also: Marseilles, to whose daughter he was affianced, certain See also: relics of Mary Magdalene; this See also: fair used to be visited by merchants from See also: France, See also: Switzerland, See also: Austria, See also: Germany and especially the See also: Levant
.
Senigallia is the residence of the Mastai-Ferretti See also: family; the See also: house in which See also: Pope See also: Pius IX. was See also: born is preserved, and contains a few memorials of him
.
The ancient Sena Gallica was a city of See also: Umbria
.
A colony was founded there by the See also: Romans after their victory over the See also: Senones, rather before 28o n.c
.
The place is also mentioned in connexion with See also: Hasdrubal's defeat at the Metaurus (q.v.) in 207 B.c
.
It was destroyed by See also: Pompey in 82 B.C., and is not often mentioned afterwards
.
No ancient remains avid very few inscriptions exist
.
The name Gallica distinguishes it from Saena (See also: Siena) in See also: Etruria
.
Ravaged by Alaric, fortified by the exarch See also: Longinus, and again laid waste by the See also: Lombards in the 8th century and by the See also: Saracens in the 9th, Senigallia was at length brought so low by the See also: Guelph and Ghibelline See also: wars, and especially by the severities of Guido de Montefeltro, that it was chosen by See also: Dante as the typical instance of . a ruined city
.
In the 15th century it was captured and recaptured again and again by the Malatesta and their opponents
.
Sigismondo Malatesta of See also: Rimini erected strong fortifications round the town in 1450-1455
.
The lordship of Senigallia was bestowed by Pius II. on his See also: nephew Antonio Piccolomini, but the See also: people of the town in 1464 placed themselves anew under See also: Paul II., and Giacomo Piccolomini in 1472 failed in his attempt to seize the place
.
See also: Sixtus IV. assigned the lordship to the Della Rovere family, from whom it was transferred to Lorenzo de' See also: Medici in 1516
.
After 1624 it formed See also: part of the legation of See also: Urbino
.
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