SERJEANTY  . See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

Tenure by serjeanty was a See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of See also:

• LAND

land-holding under the feudal See also:

• SYSTEM

system, intermediate between tenure by See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight-service (q.v.) and tenure in See also:

• SOCAGE

socage . It originated in the assignation of an See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate in land on See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of the performance of a certain See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty, which can hardly be described more exactly than as not being that of knight-service . Its essence, according to See also:

• POLLOCK

Pollock and See also:

• MAITLAND (MAITLAND OF LETHINGTON), WILLIAM
• MAITLAND, EAST
• MAITLAND, EDWARD (1824-1897)
• MAITLAND, FREDERIC WILLIAM (1850-1906)
• MAITLAND, SIR RICHARD (LORD LETHINGTON) (1496-r586)

Maitland, might be described as " servantship," the See also:

• DISCHARGE (adapted from the O. Fr. discharge, modern decharge, from a med. Lat. discargare, to unload, dis- and earn care, to load, cf. " charge ")

discharge of duties in the See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king or See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble; but it ranged from service in the king's See also:

• HOST

host, distinguished only by equipment from that of the knight, to See also:

• PETTY, SIR WILLIAM (1623-1687)

petty 1 The See also:

• PARVIS, PARVISE

parvis was the See also:

• PORCH (through the Fr. porehe, from Lat. porticus; the Ital. equivalent is portico, corresponding to the Gr. vapOi ; Ger. Vorhalle)

porch of old St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul's, where each See also:

• SERJEANT

serjeant had his particular See also:

• PILLAR (0. Fr. piler, Mod. pilier, Late Lat. pilare, from pila, column)

pillar at which he held interviews with his clients . renders scarcely distinguishable from those of the See also:

• RENT

rent-paying See also:

• TENANT (from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenant or socager . Serjeanties, as See also:

• MISS

Miss See also:

• BATESON (BATSON or BETSON), THOMAS

Bateson has expressed it, " were neither always military nor always agricultural, but might approach very closely the service of knights or the service of farmers . . . . The serjeanty of holding the king's See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head when he made a rough passage across the Channel, of pulling a rope when his See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel landed, of counting his chessmen on See also:

• CHRISTMAS (i.e. the Mass of Christ)

Christmas See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, of bringing See also:

• FUEL (O. Fr. feuaile, popular Lat. focalia, from focus, hearth, fire)

fuel to his See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle, of doing his See also:

• CARPENTRY

carpentry, of finding his potherbs, of See also:

• FORGING

forging his irons for his ploughs, of tending his See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden, of See also:

• NURSING

nursing the hounds gored and injured in the See also:

• HUNT, ALFRED WILLIAM (183o-1896)
• HUNT, HENRY (1i73-1835)
• HUNT, HENRY JACKSON (1819-1889)
• HUNT, JAMES HENRY LEIGH (1784-1859)
• HUNT, ROBERT (1807-1887)
• HUNT, THOMAS STERRY (1826-1892)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HENRY (1790—1864)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HOLMAN (1827-1910)
• HUNT, WILLIAM MORRIS (1824-1879)

hunt, of serving as veterinary to his sick falcons, such and many others might be the ceremonial or See also:

• MENIAL

menial services due from a given serjeanty." The many varieties of serjeanty were afterwards increased by lawyers classing for convenience under this head such duties as those of escort service to the See also:

• ABBESS (Lat. abbatissa, fem. form of abbas, abbot)

abbess of See also:

• BARKING

Barking, or of military service on the Welsh border by the men of Archenfield . Serjeants (servientes) are already entered as a distinct class in Domesday See also:

• BOOK

Book (io86), though not in all cases differentiated from the barons, who -held by knight-service . Sometimes, as in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of three See also:

• HAMPSHIRE (or COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON, abbreviated HANTS)

Hampshire serjeanties—those of acting as king's See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal, of finding an See also:

• ARCHER, WILLIAM (1856— )

archer for his service, and of keeping the See also:

• GAOL, or JAIL

gaol in See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester Castle—the tenure can be definitely traced as far back as Domesday . It is probable, however, that many supposed tenures by serjeanty were not really such, although so described in returns, in inquests after See also:

• DEATH

death, and other records . The simplest legal test of the tenure was that serjeants, though liable to the feudal exactions of wardship, &c., were not liable to See also:

• SCUTAGE

scutage; they made in See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of this exaction See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition with the See also:

• CROWN

crown .

The germ of the later distinction between " See also:

• GRAND

grand " and " petty " serjeanty is found in the See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

Charter (1215), the king there renouncing the right of See also:

• PREROGATIVE

prerogative wardship in the case of those who held of him by the render of small articles . The legal See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine that serjeanties were (a) inalienable, (b) impartible, led to the " arrentation," under See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry III., of serjeanties the lands of which had been partly alienated, and which were converted into socage tenures, or, in some cases, tenures by knight-service . Gradually the gulf widened, and " petty " serjeanties, consisting of renders,' together with serjeanties held of See also:

• MESNE (an Anglo-French legal form of the O. Fr. meien, mod. moyen, mean, Med. Lat. medianus, in the middle, cf. " mean ")

mesne lords, sank into socage, while "grand" serjeanties, the holders of which performed their service in See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person, became alone liable to the See also:

• BURDEN, or BURTHEN

burden of wardship and See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage . In See also:

• LITTLETON (or LYTTELTON), EDWARD, BARON (1589—1645)
• LITTLETON, SIR THOMAS DE (c. 1407-1481)

Littleton's Tenures this distinction appears as well defined, but the development was one of legal theory . When the military tenure of knight-service was abolished at the Restoration (by 12 See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles II., cap . 24), that of grand serjeanty was retained, doubtless on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of its honorary See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, it being then limited in practice to the performance of certain duties at coronations, the discharge of which as a right has always been coveted, and the earliest See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record of which is that of See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen Eleanor's See also:

• CORONATION (Lat. corona, crown)

coronation in 1236 . The most conspicuous are those of See also:

• CHAMPION (Fr. champion, Late Lat. campio from campus; a field or open space, i.e. one " who takes the field " or fights; cf. Ger. Kampf, battle, and Kampfer, fighter)

champion, appurtenant to the Dymokes' See also:

• MANOR

manor of Scrivelsby, and of supporting the king's right See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm, appurtenant to that of See also:

• WORKSOP

Worksop . The latter duty was performed at the coronation of King See also:

• EDWARD

Edward VII . (1902) . The meaning of serjeant as a household officer is still preserved in the king's serjeants-at-arms, serjeant-surgeons and serjeanttrumpeter . The See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse and See also:

• FOOT

foot serjeants (servientes) of the king's host in the 12th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, who ranked after the knights and were more lightly armed, were unconnected with tenure . The best See also:

• SUMMARY

summary of tenure by serjeanty is in Pollock and Maitland's See also:

• HISTORY

History of See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

Law; McKechnie's Magna Carta (1905) should also be consulted; and for Domesday the See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria History of Hampshire, vol. i .

The best See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of serjeanties is in the Red Book of the See also:

• EXCHEQUER

Exchequer (" Rolls " See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series), but the Testa de Nevill (Record See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

Commission) contains the most valuable records concerning them . See also:

• BLOUNT (or BLUNT), EDWARD (b. 1565?)
• BLOUNT, CHARLES (1654-1693)
• BLOUNT, SIR THOMAS POPE (1649-1697)
• BLOUNT, THOMAS (1618-1679)
• BLOUNT, WILLIAM (1749-1800)

Blount's Tenures is useful, but its See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• EDITIONS

editions very uncritical . See also:

• WOLLASTON, WILLIAM (1659--1724)
• WOLLASTON, WILLIAM HYDE (1766-1828)

Wollaston's Coronation Claims is the best authority on its subject . (J . H .