MAURUS SERVIUS HONORATUS (or See also:

• MARCUS

MARCUS)  , See also:

• ROMAN

Roman grammarian and commentator on See also:

• VIRGIL (PUBLIUS VERGILIUS MARC)
• VIRGIL, POLYDORE (c. 1470-1555)

Virgil, flourished at the end of the 4th.See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century A.D . He is one of the interlocutors in the Saturnalia of See also:

• MACROBIUS, AMBROSIUS THEODOSIUS

Macrobius, and allusions in that See also:

• WORK

work and a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter from See also:

• SYMMACHUS

Symmachus to Servius show that he was a See also:

• PAGAN
• PAGAN (Lat. paganus, of or belonging to a pagus, a canton, county district, village, commune)

pagan . He was one of the most favourable examples of the Roman "See also:

• GRAM

gram matici" and the most learned See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of his See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . He is chiefly known for his commentary on Virgil, which has come down to us in two distinct forms . The first is a comparatively See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short commentary, definitely attributed to Servius in the superscription in the See also:

• MSS

MSS. and by other See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence . A second class of MSS . (all going back to the loth or 11th century) presents a much See also:

• EXPANDED

expanded commentary, in which the first is embedded; but these MSS. differ very much in the amount and See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of the additions they make to the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original, and none of them bears the name of Servius . The added See also:

• MATTER

matter is undoubtedly See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient, dating from a time but little removed from that of Servius, and is founded to a large extent on See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical and antiquarian literature which is now lost . The writer is See also:

• ANONYMOUS

anonymous and probably a See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian . A third class of MSS., written for the most See also:

• PART

part in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy and of See also:

• LATE

late date, repeats the See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text of the first class, with numerous interpolated scholia of quite See also:

• RECENT

recent origin and little or no value . The real Servian commentary practically gives the only See also:

• COMPLETE

complete extant edition of a classic author written before the destruction of the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire . It is constructed very much on the principle of a See also:

• MODERN

modern edition, and is partly founded on the extensive Virgilian literature of preceding times, much of which is known only from the fragments and facts preserved in the commentary .

The notices of Virgil's text, though seldom or never authoritative in See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face of the existing MSS., which go back to, or even beyond, the times of Servius, yet See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply valuable See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information concerning the ancient recensions and textual See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism of Virgil . In the grammatical See also:

• INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)

interpretation of his author's See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language, Servius does not rise above the stiff and overwrought subtleties of his time; while his etymologies, as is natural, violate every See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law of See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound and sense . As a See also:

• LITERARY

literary critic the shortcomings of Servius, judged by a modern See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard, are See also:

• GREAT

great, but he shines in comparison with his contemporaries . In particular, he deserves See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit for setting his face against the prevalent allegorical methods of exposition . But the abiding value of his work lies in his preservation of facts in Roman See also:

• HISTORY

history, See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion, antiquities and language, which but for him might have perished . Not a little of the laborious erudition of See also:

• VARRO, MARCUS TERENTIUS (116—27 B.C.)
• VARRO, PUBLIUS TERENTIUS

Varro and other ancient scholars has survived in his pages . Besides the Virgilian commentary, other See also:

• WORKS

works of Servius are extant: a collection of notes on the See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar (Ars) of Aelius Donatu"s; a See also:

• TREATISE

treatise on metrical endings (De finalibus); and a See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract on the different metres (De centum metris) . See also:

• EDITIONS

Editions of the Virgilian commentary by G . See also:

• FABRICIUS, GAIUS LUSCINUS (i.e. " the one-eyed ")
• FABRICIUS, GEORG (1516-1571)
• FABRICIUS, HIERONYMUS
• FABRICIUS, JOHANN ALBERT (1668-1736)
• FABRICIUS, JOHANN CHRISTIAN (1745-18o8)

Fabricius (1551); P . See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel, who first published the enlarged commentary (16ao); and G . Thilo and H . See also:

• HAGEN
• HAGEN, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH VON DER (178o-1856)

Hagen (1878-1902) .

The Essai sur Servius by E . See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas (188o) is an elaborate and valuable examination of all matters connected with Servius; many points are treated also by 0 . See also:

• RIBBECK, JOHANN CARL OTTO (1827-1898)

Ribbeck in his Prolegomena to Virgil; see also a See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

review of Thilo's edition by H . See also:

• NETTLESHIP, HENRY (1839-1893)
• NETTLESHIP, RICHARD LEWIS (1846-1892)

Nettleship in See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of See also:

• PHILOLOGY

Philology, x . (1882) . The smaller works of Servius are printed in H . Keil's Grammatici Lalini, iv .