SETUBAL (formerly called in

See also:

• ENGLISH

English St Ubes and in

See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French St Yves)  , a seaport of Portugal, in the district of Lisbon (formerly included in the province, of Estremadura), r8 m . S.E. of Lisbon by the Barreiro-Pinhal Novo-Setubal railway . Pop . (1900) 22,074 . Setubal is built on the north shore of a deep estuary, formed by the rivers Sado, Marateca and SaoMartinho, which discharge their waters into the Bay of Setubal 3 M. below the city . Setubal is overtopped on the west by the treeless red heights of the Serra da Arrabida . There are five forts for the defence of the harbour; the castle of St Philip, built by Philip III. of Spain (1578–1621), commands the city . Setubal is the third seaport and fourth largest city of Portugal . It exports large quantities of fine salt, oranges and muscatel grapes; it has many sardine-curing and boat-building establishments, and manufactures of fish-manure and lace . Its port is officially included in that of Lisbon . Under John II . (1481–1495) Setubal was a favourite royal residence, and one of the churches dates from this period; but most of the ancient buildings were destroyed by the great earthquake of 1755 .

There are some fine public buildings, statues and fountains of later date, including a statue of the poet M . M. de B. du

Bocage (1766–1806), who was a native of Setubal . In the sandhills of a low-lying promontory in the bay opposite Setubal are the so-called ruins of "Troia," uncovered in part by heavy rains in 1814 and excavated in 185o by an antiquarian society . These ruins of " Troia," among which have been brought to view a beautiful Roman house and some 1600 Roman coins, are those of Cetobriga, which flourished A.D . 300-400 . In the neighbourhood, on a mountain 1600 ft. high, is the monastery of Arrabida .