Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.
|
SULPICIUS See also:SEVERUS (c. 363–c. 425)
, See also:Christian writer, was a native of Aquitania
.
He was imbued with the culture of his See also:time and of his -See also:country, which was then the only true See also:home of Latin letters and learning
.
Almost all that we know of See also:Severus' See also:life comes from a few allusions in his own writings, and some passages in the letters of his friend See also:Paulinus, See also:bishop of See also:Nola
.
In his See also:early days he was famous as a pleader, and his knowledge of See also:Roman See also:law is reflected in parts of his writings
.
He married a wealthy See also:lady belonging to a consular See also:family, who died See also:young, leaving him no See also:children
.
At this time Severus'came under the powerful See also:influence of St See also: 403), a See also:summary of sacred See also:history from the beginning of the world to his own times, with the omission of the events recorded in the Gospels and the Acts, " lest the See also:form of his brief work should detract from the See also:honour due to those events." The See also:book was a See also:text-book, and was used as such in the See also:schools of See also:Europe for about a See also:century and a See also:half after the editio princeps was published by See also:Flacius Illyricus in 1556 . Severus nowhere clearly points to the class of readers for whom his book is designed . He disclaims the intention of making his work a substitute for the actual narrative contained in the See also:Bible . " Worldly historians " had been used by him, he says, to make clear the See also:dates and the connexion of events and for supplementing the sacred See also:sources, and with the See also:intent at once to instruct the unlearned and to " convince " the learned . Probably the " unlearned are the See also:mass of Christians and the learned are the cultivated Christians and pagans alike, to whom the See also:rude See also:language of the sacred texts, whether in See also:Greek or Latin, would be distasteful . The literary structure of the narrative shows that Severus had in his mind principally readers on the same level of culture with himself . He was anxious to show that sacred history might be presented in a form which lovers of See also:Sallust and See also:Tacitus could appreciate and enjoy . The See also:style is lucid and almost classical . Though phrases and even sentences from many classical authors are inwoven here and there, the narrative flows easily, with no trace of the jolts and jerks which offend us in almost every See also:line of an imitator of the See also:classics like Sidonius . It is See also:free from useless digressions . In See also:order that his work might fairly stand beside that of the old Latin writers, Severus ignored the allegorical methods of interpreting sacred history to which the heretics and the orthodox of his age were wedded . As an authority for times antecedent to his own, Severus is of little moment . At only a few points does he enable:us to correct or supplement other records . See also:Bernays has shown that he based his narrative of the destruction of See also:Jerusalem by See also:Titus on the See also:account given by Tacitus in his " Histories," a portion of which has been lost . We are enabled thus to contrast Tacitus with See also:Josephus, who warped his narrative to do honour to Titus . In his allusions to the See also:Gentile rulers with whom the See also:Jews came into contact from the time of the See also:Maccabees onwards, Severus discloses some points which are not without importance . But the real See also:interest of his work lies, first, in the incidental glimpses it affords all through of the history of his own time; next and more particularly, in the See also:information he has pre-served concerning the struggle over the Priscillianist See also:heresy, which disorganized and degraded the churches of See also:Spain and Gaul, and particularly affected See also:Aquitaine . The sympathies here betrayed by Severus are wholly those of St Martin . The bishop had withstood See also:Maximus, who ruled for some years a large See also:part of the western portion of the See also:empire, though he never conquered See also:Italy . He had reproached him with attacking and overthrowing his predecessors on the See also:throne, and for his dealings with the church . Severus loses no opportunity for laying stress on the crimes and follies of rulers, and on their See also:cruelty, though he once declares that, cruel as rulers could be, priests could be crueller still . This last statement has reference to the bishops who had See also:left Maximus no See also:peace till he had stained his hands with the See also:blood of See also:Priscillian and his followers . Martin, too, had denounced the worldliness and greed of the Gaulish bishops and See also:clergy . Accordingly we find that Severus, in narrating the See also:division of See also:Canaan among the tribes, calls the See also:special See also:attention of ecclesiastics to the fact that no portion of the See also:land was assigned to the tribe of See also:Levi, lest they should be hindered in their service of See also:God .
" Our clergy seem,' he says, " not merely forgetful of the See also:lesson but ignorant of it, such a See also:passion for possessions has in our days fastened like a pestilence on their souls." We here catch a glimpse of the circumstances which were winning over good men to See also:monasticism in the See also:West, though the See also:evidence of an enthusiastic votary of the solitary life, such as Severus was, is probably not free from exaggeration
.
Severus also fully sympathized with the See also:action of St Martin touching Priscillianism
.
This mysterious Western
offshoot of See also:Gnosticism had no single feature about it which could See also:president of the first See also:convention which met in Jonesboro on. the 23rd of See also:August, and opposed the erection of a new See also:state, but when the state of See also:Frankland (afterwards See also:Franklin, in honour of See also:Benjamin Franklin) was organized in See also:
See also:Gilmore, The See also:Rear-Guard of the Revolution (New See also:York, 1886), and See also: The second dialogue is a large appendix to the Life of Martin, and really supplies more in-formation of his life as bishop and of his views than the work which bears the See also:title Vita S . See also:Martini . The two dialogues occasionally make interesting references to personages of the See also:epoch . In See also:Dial . 1, cc . 6, 7, we have a vivid picture of the controversies which raged at See also:Alexandria over the works of See also:Origen . The See also:judgment of Severus himself is no doubt that which he puts in the mouth of his interlocutor Posthumianus: " I am astonished that one and the same See also:man could have so far differed from himself that in the approved portion of his works he has no equal since the apostles, while in that portion for which he is justly blamed it is proved that no man has committed more unseemly errors." Three Epistles on the See also:death of Martin (ad Eusebium, ad Aurelium diaconum, ad Bassulam) See also:complete the See also:list of Severus' genuine works . Other letters (to his See also:sister), on the love of God and the renunciation of the world, have not survived . |
|
|
[back] SEVERUS |
[next] SEVERY (probably connected with the English word" s... |
There are no comments yet for this article.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are encouraged.