See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

HENRY See also:

• SEWARD, ANNA (1747-1809)
• WILLIAM HENRY SEWARD (180r-1872)

SEWARD (180r-1872)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American states-See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 16th of May 1801 in the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of See also:

• FLORIDA

Florida, See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

Orange See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York . He graduated from See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College in 182o, having taught school for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time at See also:

• SAVANNAH

Savannah, See also:

• GEORGIA

Georgia, to help pay his expenses; was admitted to the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar at See also:

• UTICA

Utica, N.Y., in 1822, and in the following See also:

• YEAR

year began the practice of See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law at See also:

• AUBURN
• AUBURN (from the Low Lat. alburnus, whitish, light-coloured)

Auburn, N.Y., which was his See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home for the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of his See also:

• LIFE

life . He soon attained distinction in his profession, but drifted into politics, for which he had a greater liking, and See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early became associated with See also:

• THURLOW, EDWARD THURLOW, 1ST BARON (1731-1806)

Thurlow See also:

• WEED, THURLOW (1797—1882)

Weed: He was at first an adherent of See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel D . See also:

• TOMPKINS, DANIEL D

Tompkins in See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, and a See also:

• NATIONAL

National Republican in national politics, after 1828 became allied with the See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

Anti-Masonic party, attending the national conventions of 183o and 1831, and as a member of the organization he served four years (183o-1834) in the state See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

Senate . By 1833 the Anti-Masonic See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement had run its course, and See also:

• SEWARD, ANNA (1747-1809)
• SEWARD, WILLIAM HENRY (180r-1872)

Seward allied himself with the other opponents of the See also:

• JACKSON
• JACKSON, ANDREW (1767-1845)
• JACKSON, CYRIL (1746-1819)
• JACKSON, FREDERICK GEORGE (186o– )
• JACKSON, HELEN MARIA (1831–1885)
• JACKSON, MASON (c. 1820-1903)
• JACKSON, THOMAS (1579-1640)
• JACKSON, THOMAS JONATHAN (1824-1863)
• JACKSON, WILLIAM (1730-1803)

Jackson Democrats, becoming a Whig . In 1834 he received the Whig nomination for See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor, but was defeated by See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William L . See also:

• MARCY, WILLIAM LEARNED (1786-1857)

Marcy . Four years later he was re-nominated, was elected, was re-elected in 184o, and served from See also:

• JANUARY

January 1839 until January 1843 . As governor, Seward favoured a continuance of See also:

• WORKS

works of See also:

• INTERNAL

internal improvement at public expense, although this policy had already plunged the state into See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial embarrassment . His See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration was disturbed by the anti-See also:

• RENT

rent agitation and by the M'Leod incident growing out of the See also:

• CANADIAN

Canadian See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion of 1837.1 During this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period he attracted much See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention by his liberal and humane policy, promoting See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison reform, and proposing to admit See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic and See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign teachers into the public See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools of the state . His refusal soon after his inauguration to See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour the requisition of the governor of See also:

• VIRGINIA
• VIRGINIA, or VERGINIA
• VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Virginia for three persons charged with assisting a slave to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape from See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk, provoked retaliatory See also:

• MEASURES

measures by the Virginia legislature, in, which See also:

• MISSISSIPPI

Mississippi and See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South Carolina soon joined . See also:

• LAWS

Laws were also passed during his See also:

• TERM

term putting obstacles in the way of recovering fugitive slaves .

Seward soon became recognized as the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of the anti-See also:

• SLAVERY

slavery Whigs . He was one of the earliest See also:

• POLITICAL

political opponents of slavery, as distinguished from the See also:

• RADICAL (Lat. radix, a root)

radical Abolitionists, or the followers of William See also:

• LLOYD, EDWARD (1845— )
• LLOYD, WILLIAM (1627–1717)
• LLOYD, WILLIAM WATKISS (1813–1893)

Lloyd See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

Garrison, who eschewed politics and devoted themselves to a moral agitation . On retiring from See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office Seward returned to the practice of law . His reputation was made in four See also:

• GREAT

great criminal cases—those of See also:

• ABEL (better ABELL), THOMAS (d. 1540)
• ABEL (Hebrew for breath)
• ABEL, KARL FRIEDRICH (1725-1787)
• ABEL, NIELS HENRIK (1802-1829)
• ABEL, SIR FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, BART

Abel F . See also:

• FITCH, JOHN (1743–1798)
• FITCH, RALPH (fl. 1583-1606)
• FITCH, SIR JOSHUA GIRLING (1824-1903)

Fitch and others, of See also:

• FREEMAN
• FREEMAN, EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1823-1892)

Freeman, of See also:

• WYATT, JAMES (1746–1813)

Wyatt and of See also:

• VAN

Van Zandt—the last-named bringing him especially the See also:

• GOODWILL

goodwill of opponents of slavery . Toward the end of his career at the bar, however, he changed from a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general practitioner to a patent lawyer, and as such had a lucrative practice . When the Whigs secured a momentary See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of the state legislature in 1849 they sent Seward to the See also:

• UNITED

United States Senate . The antagonism between See also:

• FREE

free labour and slave labour became the theme of many of his speeches . In his first set speech in the Senate, on the 11th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 185o, in opposing the pending See also:

• COMPROMISE (pronounced compromize; through Fr. from Lat. compromittere)

compromise measures, he attracted the attention of the whole See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country by his assertion that " there is a higher law than the constitution " regulating " our authority over the domain " (i.e. the Territories) . When the Democrats, however, declared such See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language incendiary he tried to explain it away, and by so doing offended his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends without appeasing his opponents . In a speech at See also:

• ROCHESTER
• ROCHESTER, JOHN WILMOT, 2ND EARL
• ROCHESTER, LAWRENCE HYDE, EARL OF (1641-1711)

Rochester, New York, in 1858 he made the famous statement that there was " an irrepressible conflict between opposing and enduring forces, and it means that the United States must and will, sooner or later, become either entirely a slave-holding nation or entirely a free-labour nation." Although this See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea had often been expressed by others, and by Seward himself in his speech of 1848, yet he was severely criticized, and four days later he sought to render this statement innocuous also . In the See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of 1852 Seward supported General See also:

• WINFIELD

Winfield See also:

• SCOTT, ALEXANDER (fl. 1550)
• SCOTT, DAVID (18o6-1849)
• SCOTT, MICHAEL (1789-1835)
• SCOTT, ROBERT (1811-1887)
• SCOTT, SIR GEORGE GILBERT (1811-1878)
• SCOTT, SIR WALTER, BART
• SCOTT, WILLIAM BELL (1811-1890)
• SCOTT, WINFIELD (1786-1866)

Scott, but not his party See also:

• PLATFORM (Fr. plateforme, i.e. ground plan)

platform, because it declared the Compromise of 185o a finality .

He naturally opposed the See also:

• KANSAS (known as the Sunflower State ")

Kansas-See also:

• NEBRASKA

Nebraska See also:

• BILL

Bill of 1854, which repealed the See also:

• MISSOURI

Missouri Compromise and established the principle of popular See also:

• SOVEREIGNTY

sovereignty in the Territories . Subsequently he actively supported in the Senate the free-state cause in Kansas . In 1854-1855, when it became evident that the Whig party in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North was moribund, Seward helped to See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead its scattered remnants into the Republican See also:

• FOLD

fold . As the recognized leader of the new party, his nomination by the Republicans for the See also:

• PRESIDENCY

presidency in 1856 and in 186o was regarded as certain; but in each instance he was put aside for another . The heterogeneous elements of the new organization could not be made to unite on a man who for so many years had devoted his energies to purely Whig measures, and he was considered less " available " than See also:

• FREMONT
• FREMONT, JOHN CHARLES (1813-1890)

Fremont in 1856 and than See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln in 1860 . After Lincoln was elected in 186o he See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose Seward for his secretary 1 In 1837 the See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel 'See also:

• CAROLINE
• CAROLINE (1683-1737)

Caroline," which had been used by the Canadian insurgents, was seized by the Canadian authorities in American territory and was destroyed . In 1840 one See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander M'Leod, a See also:

• BRITISH

British subject then in New York, asserted that he had aided in the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture; he was promptly arrested and was held for trial on a See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of See also:

• MURDER

murder . The British See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister demanded from the national See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government M'Leod's See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release, but his See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case was in the New York courts, over which the national government has no See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction . In the trial M`Leod proved an See also:

• ALIBI (Lat. for "elsewhere")

alibi, was acquitted (See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1841), and a serious See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

international complication was thus averted.of state . The new See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president was a man comparatively little known outside the state of See also:

• ILLINOIS

Illinois, and many of his supporters, doubtful of his ability to See also:

• DEAL

deal with the difficult problems of 1861, looked to Seward as the most experienced man of the administration and the one who should See also:

• DIRECT

direct its policy . Seward himself, apparently sharing these views, although not out of vanity, at first possessed an unbounded confidence in his ability to See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence the president and his See also:

• CABINET

cabinet . He believed that the Union could be saved without a See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, and that a policy of delay would prevent the See also:

• SECESSION

secession of the border states, which in turn would gradually coax their more See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern neighbours back into their proper relations with the Federal government .

In informal conferences with commissioners from the seceded states he assured them that Fort See also:

• SUMTER
• SUMTER, THOMAS (1i36–1832)

Sumter should be speedily evacuated . Finding himself overruled by the war party in the cabinet, on the 1st of See also:

• APRIL

April 1861, Seward suggested a war of all See also:

• AMERICA

America against most of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, with himself as the director of the enterprise . The conduct of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain toward Santo Domingo and of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France toward See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico, and the alleged attitude of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia toward the seceded states were to be the grounds for precipitating this gigantic conflict; and agents were to be sent into See also:

• CANADA

Canada, Mexico and Central America to arouse a spirit of hostility to See also:

• EUROPEAN

European intervention . Dangers from abroad would destroy the centrifugal forces at home, and the Union would be saved . When this proposal was quietly put aside by the president, and Seward perceived in Lincoln a See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief-executive in fact as well as in name, he dropped into his proper See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, and as secretary of state rendered services of inestimable value to the nation . To prevent foreign states from giving See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official recognition to the Confederacy was the task of the See also:

• HOUR

hour, and in this he was successful . While he did not succeed in preventing the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French occupation of Mexico or the escape of the Confederate cruiser " See also:

• ALABAMA

Alabama " from England, his See also:

• DIPLOMACY (Fr. diplomatic)

diplomacy prepared the way for a future See also:

• ADJUSTMENT (from late Lat. ad juxtare, derived from juxta, near, but early confounded with a supposed derivation from justus, right)

adjustment satisfactory to the United States of the difficulties with these See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers . While his treaty with See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons in 1862 for the suppression of the slave See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade conceded to England the right of See also:

• SEARCH, or VISIT AND SEARCH

search to a limited extent in See also:

• AFRICAN

African and Cuban See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters, he secured a similar concession for American war vessels from the British government, and by his course in the See also:

• TRENT
• TRENT (Lat. Tridentum; Ital. Trento; Ger. relent)
• TRENT, COUNCIL OF

Trent Affair he virtually committed Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain to the American attitude with regard to this right . On the 5th of April 1865 Seward was thrown from his See also:

• CARRIAGE

carriage and severely injured . Nine days later, while lying See also:

• ILL

ill at his home at See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington, he was attacked by one See also:

• LEWIS, HENRY CARVILL
• LEWIS, JOHN FREDERICK (180 1876)
• LEWIS, MATTHEW GREGORY (1775-1818)
• LEWIS, MERIWETHER (1774-1809)
• LEWIS, SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL, BART

Lewis See also:

• POWELL, FREDERICK YORK (1850-1904)
• POWELL, GEORGE (c. 1658-1714)
• POWELL, JOHN WESLEY (1834–1902)
• POWELL, VAVASOR (1617-1670)

Powell, See also:

• ALIAS (Lat. for " at another time ")

alias See also:

• PAYNE, PETER (c. 138o-1455)

Payne, a See also:

• FELLOW

fellow-conspirator of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Wilkes See also:

• BOOTH (connected with a Teutonic root meaning to dwell, whence also " bower ")
• BOOTH, BARTON (1681–1933)
• BOOTH, CHARLES (184o– )
• BOOTH, EDWIN [THOMAS] (1833–1893)

Booth, at the same time that Lincoln was assassinated . The secretary's son, See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick W . Seward, and three other persons who came to his assistance, were also wounded by the assailant .

Seward's wife, an invalid, received such a See also:

• SHOCK, or COLLAPSE

shock that she died within two months, and his only daughter, who witnessed the See also:

• ASSAULT (from Lat. ad, to or on, and saltare, to leap)

assault, never recovered from the effects of the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene and died within the year . Seward gradually regained his See also:

• HEALTH

health, and remained in the cabinet of President See also:

• JOHNSON, ANDREW
• JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
• JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
• JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
• JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
• JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
• JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
• JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
• JOHNSON, THOMAS

Johnson until the expiration of his term in 1869 . In the struggle between the Executive and See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress over the method of reconstructing the Southern States, Seward sided with Johnson and thus shared some of the obloquy bestowed upon that unfortunate president . His greatest See also:

• WORK

work in this period was the See also:

• PURCHASE

purchase of See also:

• ALASKA

Alaska from Russia, in 1867 . He also negotiated See also:

• TREATIES

treaties for the purchase of the Danish See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Indies, the See also:

• BAY

Bay of Samana, and for American control of the See also:

• ISTHMUS (Gr.io0pbs, neck)

isthmus of See also:

• PANAMA

Panama; but these were not ratified by the Senate . After returning to private life, Seward spent two years and a See also:

• HALF

half in travel and died at Auburn on the loth of October 1872 . His son, FREDERICK WILLIAM SEWARD, was born in Auburn, New York, on the 8th of See also:

• JULY

July 1830, graduated at Union College in 1849 and was admitted to the bar at Rochester, N.Y., in 1851 . From 1851 to 1861 he was one of the editors and owners of the See also:

• ALBANY
• ALBANY, DUKES OF
• ALBANY, LOUISE MAXIMILIENNE CAROLINE, COUNTESS OF (1752-1824)

Albany Evening See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal, and during his See also:

• FATHER

father's term at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the State See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

Department he was assistant secretary of state . He served in the New York See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly in 1875, and from 1877 to 1881 was again assistant secretary of state . After 1881 he devoted his time to the practice of his profession and to lecturing and See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing . The best See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography of Seward is that by See also:

• FREDERIC, HAROLD (1856-1898)

Frederic See also:

• BANCROFT, GEORGE (1800—1891)
• BANCROFT, HUBERT HOWE (1832– )
• BANCROFT, RICHARD (1544–161o)
• BANCROFT, SIR SQUIRE (1841– )

Bancroft, The Life of William H . Seward (a vols., New York, 1900) ; see also, The Life and Works of William H .

Seward (5 vols., new ed., See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston, 1883), edited by See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George E . See also:

• BAKER, HENRY (1698-1774)
• BAKER, SIR BENJAMIN (1840-1907)
• BAKER, SIR RICHARD (1568-1644/5)
• BAKER, SIR SAMUEL WHITE (1821-1893)
• BAKER, THOMAS (1656-1740)
• BAKER, VALENTINE [BAKER PASHA] (1827-1887)

Baker; William H . Seward: an Autobiography from 1891 to 1834, with a Memoir of his Life and Selections from his Letters (3 vols., New York, 1891), by his son, Frederick W . Seward ; William H . Seward's Travels around the See also:

• WORLD

World (New York, 1873), by his adopted daughter, See also:

• OLIVE (Olea europaea)

Olive R . Seward; Lincoln and Seward, (New York, 1874), by See also:

• GIDEON (in Hebrew, perhaps " hewer " or " warrior ")

Gideon See also:

• WELLES, GIDEON (1802-1878)

Welles; and William See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry Seward (new ed., Boston, 1899), by T . K .