See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

THOMAS See also:

• THOMAS SHADWELL (c. 1642-1692)

SHADWELL (c. 1642-1692)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English playwright and See also:

• MISCELLANEOUS

miscellaneous writer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born about 1642, at Santon See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk, according to his son's See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account . He was educated at See also:

• BURY
• BURY, JOHN BAGNELL (1861- )

Bury St See also:

• EDMUND
• EDMUND, or EADMUND (c. 980-1016)
• EDMUND, SAINT [EDMUND RICE] (d. 1240)

Edmund's School, and at See also:

• CAIUS
• CAIUS [Anglice KEES, KEYS, etc.], JOHN (1510-1573)

Caius See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, where he was entered in 1656 . He See also:

• LEFT

left the university without a degree, and joined the See also:

• MIDDLE

Middle See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

Temple . In 1668 he produced a See also:

• PROSE

prose See also:

• COMEDY

comedy, The Sullen Lovers, or the Impertinents, based on See also:

• LES

Les FtIckeux of See also:

• MOLIERE (1622-1673)

Moliere, and written in avowed 'See also:

• IMITATION (Lat. imitatio, from intitari, to imitate)

imitation of See also:

• BEN (from Old Eng. bennan, within)

Ben See also:

• JONSON

Jonson . His best plays are See also:

• EPSOM

Epsom See also:

• WELLS
• WELLS, CHARLES JEREMIAH (1798?–1879)
• WELLS, DAVID AMES (1828—1898)
• WELLS, HERBERT GEORGE (1866— )
• WELLS, SIR THOMAS SPENCER, 1ST BART

Wells (1672), for which See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• SEDLEY, SIR CHARLES (c. 1639-1701)

Sedley wrote a See also:

• PROLOGUE (from Gr. 7rpo, before, and Myer, a word)

prologue, and the See also:

• SQUIRE

Squire of See also:

• ALSATIA (the old French province of Alsace)

Alsatia (1688) . Alsatia was the cant name for Whitefriars, then a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of See also:

• SANCTUARY (from the late Lat. sanctuarium, a sacred place)

sanctuary for persons liable to See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest, and the See also:

• PLAY

play represents, in See also:

• DIALOGUE

dialogue full of the argot of the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, the adventures of a youngheir who falls into the See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand of the sharpers there . For fourteen years from the See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of his first comedy to his memorable encounter with See also:

• DRYDEN, JOHN (1631-1700)

Dryden, See also:

• SHADWELL, THOMAS (c. 1642-1692)

Shadwell produced a play nearly every See also:

• YEAR

year . These productions display a genuine hatred of shams, and a rough but honest moral purpose . They are disfigured by indecencies, but See also:

• PRESENT

present a vivid picture of contemporary See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners . Shadwell is chiefly remembered as the unfortunate Mac See also:

• FLECKNOE, RICHARD (c. 1600-1678?)

Flecknoe of Dryden's See also:

• SATIRE (Lat. satira, satura; see below)

satire, the " last See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• PROPHET (Irpo4i ri7s)

prophet of tautology," and the See also:

• LITERARY

literary son and See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Flecknoe: " The See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest to some faint meaning make pretence, But Shadwell never deviates into sense." Dryden had furnished Shadwell with a prologue to his True Widow (1679), and in spite of momentary See also:

• DIFFERENCES, CALCULUS OF (Theory of Finite Differences)

differences, the two had been apparently on friendly terms . But when Dryden joined the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court party, and produced See also:

• ABSALOM (Hebrew for " father of [or is] peace ")

Absalom and Achitophel and The See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

Medal, Shadwell became the See also:

• CHAMPION (Fr. champion, Late Lat. campio from campus; a field or open space, i.e. one " who takes the field " or fights; cf. Ger. Kampf, battle, and Kampfer, fighter)

champion of the true-See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue Protestants, and made a scurrilous attack on the poet in The Medal of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Bayes: a Satire against Folly and Knavery (1682) . Dryden immediately retorted in Mac Flecknoe, or a Satire on the True Blue See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant Poet, T.S .

(1682), in which Shadwell's personalities were returned with See also:

• INTEREST

interest . A See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month later he contributed to See also:

• NAHUM (Hebrew for " rich in comfort [is God] ")

Nahum See also:

• TATE, JAMES (1771-1843)
• TATE, NAHUM (1652-1715)
• TATE, RALPH (1840-1901)
• TATE, SIR HENRY, BART

Tate's continuation of Absalom and Achitophel satirical portraits of Elkanah See also:

• SETTLE
• SETTLE, ELKANAH (1648–1724)

Settle as Doeg and of Shadwell as 0g . In 1687 Shadwell attempted to See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer these attacks in a version of the tenth satire of See also:

• JUVENAL (DECIMUS JUNIUS JUVENALIS) (c. 60-140)

Juvenal . At the Whig See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph in 1688 he superseded his enemy as poet See also:

• LAUREATE (Lat. laureatus, from laurea, the laurel tree)

laureate and historiographer royal . He died at See also:

• CHELSEA

Chelsea on the 19th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1692 . His son, CHARLES SHADWELL, was the author of The See also:

• FAIR

Fair Quaker of See also:

• DEAL

Deal and other plays, collected and published in 1720 . A See also:

• COMPLETE

complete edition of Shadwell's See also:

• WORKS

works was published by his son Sir John Shadwell in 1720 . His other dramatic works are—The Royal Shepherdess (1669), an See also:

• ADAPTATION (from Lat. adaptare. to fit to)

adaptation of John See also:

• FOUNTAIN (Late Lat. fontana, from ions, a spring)

Fountain's Rewards of Virtue; The Humorist (1671); The See also:

• MISER

Miser (1672), adapted from Moliere; See also:

• PSYCHE (//vxi7)

Psyche (1695); The Libertine (1676); The Virtuoso (1676),; The See also:

• HISTORY

history of See also:

• TIMON
• TIMON (c. 320-230)

Timon of See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens the See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

Man-hater (1678),—on this Sakespearian adaptation see O . Beber, Shadwell's Bearbeitung See also:

• DES

des . . . Timon of Athens (See also:

• ROSTOCK

Rostock, 1897) ; A True Widow (1679) ; The Woman See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain (168o), revived in 1744 as The Prodigal; The See also:

• LANCASHIRE

Lancashire Witches and Teague O'Divelly, the Irish See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

Priest (1682) ; Bury Fair (1689) ; The Amorous See also:

• BIGOT

Bigot, with the second See also:

• PART

part of Teague O'Divelly (169o) ; The Scowerers (1691) ; and The See also:

• VOLUNTEERS

Volunteers, or Stockjobbers, published posthumously (1693) . SHAFI`Y [Mahommed See also:

• IBN

ibn Idris ash-Shafi'il (767-820), the founder of the Shafi'ite school of See also:

• CANON

canon See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, was born in A.H .

150 (A.D . 767) of a Koreishite (Quraishite) See also:

• FAMILY

family at See also:

• GAZA (or `AllAH, mod. Ghuzzeh)
• GAZA, THEODORUS (c. 1400-1475)

Gaza or See also:

• ASCALON

Ascalon, and was brought up by his See also:

• MOTHER

mother in poor circumstances at See also:

• MECCA (Arab. Makkah)

Mecca . There, and especially in intercourse with the See also:

• DESERT

desert tribe of Hudhail, he gained a knowledge of classical Arabic and old Arabian See also:

• POETRY

poetry for which he was afterwards famous . About 170 he went to See also:

• MEDINA
• MEDINA, JOSE TORIBIO (1852- )

Medina and studied canon law (figh) under Malik ibn Anas . After the See also:

• DEATH

death of Malik in 179 See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend takes him to See also:

• YEMEN (Yaman)

Yemen, where he is involved in an 'Alid See also:

• CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy, carried prisoner to See also:

• BAGDAD, or BAGHDAD

Bagdad, but pardoned by See also:

• HARUN

Harun al-Rashid . He was certainly pursuing his studies, and he seems to have come to Bagdad in some such way as this and then to have studied under IIanifite teachers . He had not yet formulated his own See also:

• SYSTEM

system . After a See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey to See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, however, we find him in Bagdad again, as a teacher, between 195 and 198 . There he had great success and turned the See also:

• TIDE (O. Eng. lid, cf. Ger. Zeit, time or season, connected with root of Sanskrit a-diti, endless)

tide against the I.Ianifite school . His method was to restore the See also:

• SOURCES

sources of canon law which See also:

• ABU

Abu IIanifa, had destroyed by inclining too much to speculative See also:

• DEDUCTION (from Lat. deducere, to take or lead from or out of, derive)

deduction . Instead, he laid equal emphasis upon the four—Koran_, tradition, See also:

• ANALOGY (Gr. avaXo-yLa, proportion)

analogy, and agreement . See further, under See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

MAHOMMEDAN LAW .

In 198 he went to Egypt in the See also:

• TRAIN (M. Eng. trayn or trayne, derived through Fr. from Late Lat. trahinare, to drag, draw, Lat. trahere, cf. trail, trace, ultimately from the same source)

train of a new See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor, and this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time was received as the leading orthodox authority in law of his time . There he See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed and somewhat changed the details of his system, and died in 204 A.D . 820) . He was buried to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of what is now See also:

• CAIRO
• CAIRO (Arabic Misr-al-Kahira, or simply Misr)

Cairo, and a great See also:

• DOME (Lat domus, house; Ital. duomo, cathedral)

dome (erected c . A.D . 1240) is conspicuous over his See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb . See F . Wiistenfeld, Schdfa'iten, 31 ff.; M . J. de See also:

• GOEJE, MICHAEL JAN DE (1836—1909)

Goeje in ZDMG. xlvii . 1o6 ff.; C . Brockelmann, Geschichte, i . 178 ff.; M'G. de Slane's transl. of Ibn Khallikan, ii .

569 if., Fihrist, 209, See also:

• NAWAWI

Nawawi's Biogr . Dict . 56 if . (D . B .