SHAHJAHANPUR  , a

city and district of British India, In the Bareilly division of the United Provinces . The city is on the left bank of the river Deoha or Garra, 507 ft. above the sea-level, with a station on the Oudh and Rohilkhand railway, 768 m . N.W. of Calcutta, and a military cantonment . Pop . zt (1901) 75,128 . It was founded in 1647 during the reign of Shah Jahan, whose name it bears, by Nawab Bahadur Khan, a Pathan . His mosque is the only building of antiquarian interest . There is a manufacture of sugar, but no great trade . The DISTRICT OF SHAHIAHANPUR has an area of 1727 sq. m . It consists of a long and narrow tract running up from the Ganges towards the Himalayas, and is for the most part level and without any hills . The principal rivers are the Gumti, Khanaut, Garai and Ramganga . To the north-east the country resembles the tarai in the preponderance of waste and forest over cultivated land, in the sparseness of population and in general unhealthiness .

Between the Gumti and the Khanaut the country varies from a rather

wild and unhealthy northern region to a densely inhabited tract in the south, with a productive soil cultivated with sugar-cane and other remunerative crops . The section between the Deoha and Garai comprises much marshy land; but south of the Garai, and between it and the Ramganga, the soil is mostly of a sandy nature . From the Ramganga to the Ganges in the south is a continuous low country of marshy patches, alternating with a hard clayey soil that requires much irrigation in parts . Shahjahanpur contains a number of jhils or lakes, which afford irrigation for the spring crops . The climate is very similar to that of most parts of Oudh and Rohilkhand, but moister than that of the Doab . The annual rainfall averages about 37 in . In 1901 the population was 921,535 . The principal crops are wheat, rice, pulse, millets, sugar-cane and poppy . The district suffered very severely from the famine of 1877-1879 . It is traversed by the Lucknow-Bareilly section of the Oudh and Rohilkhand railway, with a branch northwards from Shahjahanpur city . At Rosa is a large sugar refinery and rum distillery . Shahjahanpur was ceded to the English by the nawab of Oudh in 18oi .

During the

Mutiny of 1857 it became the scene of open rebellion . The Europeans were attacked when in church; three were shot down, but the remainder, aided by a hundred faithful sepoys, escaped . The force under Lord Clyde put a stop to the anarchy in April 1858, and shortly afterwards peace and authority were restored .