See also:

• SHAMYL (c. 1797-1871)

SHAMYL (c. 1797-1871)  , the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of the tribes of the See also:

• CAUCASUS

Caucasus in the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war against See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia . He was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born about 1797 and, educated by the See also:

• MULLAH (Arabic maula, a term which originally expresses the legal bond connecting a former owner with his manumitted slave, both patron and client being called maula, and thus suggests the idea of patronage)

Mullah Djemaleddin, soon took a leading See also:

• PART

part in See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching a See also:

• HOLY

holy war against the Russians . He was both the spiritual and military leader of the tribes, who maintained the struggle for twenty-five years (1834-1859) . This perpetual See also:

• GUERRILLA (erroneously written " guerilla," being the diminutive of the Span. guerra, war)

guerrilla was a severe See also:

• STRAIN (through O. Fr. straindre, estraindre, mod. i treindre, from Lat. stringere, to draw tight, related to stress, stretch, string, &c.)

strain upon the resources of the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, and See also:

• SHAMYL (c. 1797-1871)

Shamyl's romantic fight for See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence, making him a sort of ally of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of the See also:

• CRIMEAN

Crimean War (1853-55), earned him a See also:

• EUROPEAN

European reputation . But the capacity of the tribes for resistance was already failing, and when at the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the Crimean War Russia was able to employ large forces on the Caucasus, the defenders were gradually subdued, Shamyl himself being captured in 1859 . The restof his See also:

• LIFE

life was spent in an easy captivity at See also:

• KALUGA

Kaluga, St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg and See also:

• KIEV
• KIEV, KIEFF, or KIYEFF

Kiev . He died at See also:

• MECCA (Arab. Makkah)

Mecca during a See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

pilgrimage in 1871 . One of his sons took service in the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian, the other in the See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army .