SHANE  O'See also:

• NEILL, JAMES GEORGE SMITH (1810-1857)

NEILL (( . 1530–1567) was a chieftain whose support was See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth gaining by the See also:

• ENGLISH

English even during his See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• LIFE

life-See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time; but rejecting overtures from the See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• SUSSEX
• SUSSEX, EARLS OF
• SUSSEX, KINGDOM OF (SO Seaxe, i.e. the South Saxons)
• SUSSEX, THOMAS RADCLYFFE [or RATCLYFFE], 3RD EARL OF (c. 1525-1583)

Sussex, the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy, Shane refused to help the English against the Scottish settlers on the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• ANTRIM
• ANTRIM, RANDAL MACDONNELL, 1ST EARL OF (d. 1636)
• ANTRIM, RANDAL MACDONNELL, 1ST MARQUESS OF (1609-1683)

Antrim, allying himself instead with the MacDonnells, the most powerful of these immigrants . Nevertheless See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth, on succeeding to the English See also:

• THRONE

throne, was disposed to come to terms with Shane, who after his father's See also:

• DEATH

death was de facto See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of the formidable O'Neill See also:

• CLAN (Gaelic clann, O. Ir. cland, connected with Lat. planta, shoot or scion, the ancient Gaelic or Goidelic substituting k for p)

clan . She accordingly agreed to recognize his claims to the chieftainship, thus throwing over See also:

• BRIAN (926-1014)

Brian O'Neill, son of the murdered See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew, The ceremony of " inauguration " among the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Irish clans was an elaborate and important one . A See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone inauguration See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of the O'Neills is preserved in the See also:

• BELFAST

Belfast Museum . See Joyce, op, cit. i . 46 . See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

baron of See also:

• DUNGANNON

Dungannon, if Shane would submit to her authority and that of her deputy . O'Neill, however, refused to put himself in the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of Sussex without a See also:

• GUARANTEE (sometimes spelt " guarantie " or " guaranty "; an O. Fr. form of " warrant," from the Teutonic word which appears in German as wahren, to defend or make safe and binding)

guarantee for his safety; and his claims in other respects were so exacting. that Elizabeth consented to See also:

• MEASURES

measures being taken to subdue him and to restore Brian . An See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to foment the enmity of the O'Donnells against him was frustrated by Shane's See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• CALVAGH

Calvagh O'Donnell, whom he kept a See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close prisoner for nearly three years . Elizabeth, whose prudence and See also:

• PARSIMONY, LAW OF (Lat. parsimonia, from parcere, to save)

parsimony were averse to so formidable an undertaking as the See also:

• COMPLETE

complete subjugation of the powerful Irish chieftain, desired See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace with him at almost any See also:

• PRICE
• PRICE, BARTHOLOMEW (1818–1898)
• PRICE, BONAMY (1807-1888)
• PRICE, RICHARD (1723-1791)

price; especially when the devastation of his territory by Sussex brought him no nearer to submission . Sussex, indignant at Shane's See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request for his See also:

• SISTER

sister's See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand in See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage, and his demand for the withdrawal of the English See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison from See also:

• ARMAGH

Armagh, was not supported by the queen, who sent the earl of See also:

• KILDARE

Kildare to arrange terms with O'Neill .

The latter, making some trifling concessions, consented to See also:

• PRESENT

present himself before Elizabeth . Accompanied by See also:

• ORMONDE, EARL AND MARQUESS OF
• ORMONDE, JAMES BUTLER, 1ST DUKE
• ORMONDE, JAMES BUTLER, 2ND DUKE OF (1665-1745)

Ormonde and Kildare he reached See also:

• LONDON

London on the 4th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1562 . See also:

• CAMDEN
• CAMDEN, CHARLES PRATT, 1ST EARL (1714-1794)
• CAMDEN, JOHN JEFFREYS PRATT, 2ND EARL
• CAMDEN, WILLIAM (1551-1623)

Camden describes the wonder with which O'Neill's See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild gallowglasses were seen in the English See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital, with their heads See also:

• BARE

bare, their See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair falling over their shoulders and clipped See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short in front above the eyes, and clothed in rough yellow shirts . Elizabeth was less concerned with the respective claims of Brian and Shane, the one resting on an English patent and the other on the See also:

• CELTIC

Celtic See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom, than with the question of policy involved in supporting or rejecting the demands of her proud suppliant . Characteristically, she temporized; but finding that O'Neill was in danger of becoming a See also:

• TOOL (0. Eng. tdl, generally referred to a root seen in the Goth. taujan, to make, or in the English word " taw," to work or dress leather)

tool in the hands of See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish intriguers, she permitted him to return to See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, recognizing him as " the O'Neill," and chieftain of See also:

• TYRONE
• TYRONE, EARLS OF

Tyrone; though a See also:

• RESERVATION (Lat. reservare, to keep back)

reservation was made of the rights of See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh O'Neill, who had meantime succeeded his See also:

• BROTHER

brother Brian as baron of Dungannon, Brian having been murdered in See also:

• APRIL

April 1562 by his kinsman Turlough Luineach O'Neill . There were at this time three powerful contemporary members of the O'Neill See also:

• FAMILY

family in Ireland—Shane, Turlough and Hugh, and earl of Tyrone . Turlough had been elected tanist (see See also:

• TANISTRY (from Gaelic Lana, lordship)

TANISTRY) when his See also:

• COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and familiar abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
• COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
• COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

cousin Shane was inaugurated the O'Neill, and he schemed to supplant him in the higher dignity during Shane's See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence in London . The See also:

• FEUD

feud did not long survive Shane's return to Ireland, where he quickly re-established his authority, and in spite of Sussex renewed his turbulent tribal warfare against the O'Donnells and others . Elizabeth at last authorized Sussex to take the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field against Shane, but two several expeditions failed to accomplish anything except some depredation in O'Neill's See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . Sussex had tried in 1561 to procure Shane's assassination, and Shane now laid the whole blame for his lawless conduct on the lord deputy's repeated alleged attempts on his life . Force having ignominiously failed, Elizabeth consented to treat, and hostilities were stopped on terms that ga.ve O'Neill practically the whole of his demands . O'Neill now turned his hand against the MacDonnells, claiming that he was serving the queen of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in harrying the Scots .

He fought an indecisive See also:

• BATTLE

battle with Sorley Boy See also:

• MACDONNELL (or MACDONELL), ALESTAIR (i.e. Alexander) RUADH (c. 1725-1761)
• MACDONNELL, SORLEY BOY (c. 1505-1590)

MacDonnell near See also:

• COLERAINE

Coleraine in 1564, and the following See also:

• YEAR

year marched from Antrim through the mountains by Clogh to the neighbourhood of See also:

• BALLYCASTLE

Ballycastle, where he routed the MacDonnells and took Sorley Boy prisoner . This victory greatly strengthened Shane O'Neill's position, and See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• SIDNEY
• SIDNEY (or SYDNEY), ALGERNON (1622-1683)
• SIDNEY, SIR HENRY (1529-1586)
• SIDNEY, SIR PHILIP (1554-1586)

Sidney, who became lord deputy in 1566, declared to the earl of See also:

• LEICESTER
• LEICESTER, EARLS OF
• LEICESTER, ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL
• LEICESTER, ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF (1563-1626)
• LEICESTER, THOMAS WILLIAM COKE, EARL OF (1754-1842)

Leicester that See also:

• LUCIFER (d. 370/1)
• LUCIFER (the Latinized form of Gr. 4scwo'4 bpos, " light-bearer ")

Lucifer himself was not more puffed up with See also:

• PRIDE, THOMAS (d. 1658)

pride and ambition than O'Neill . Preparations were made in See also:

• EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

earnest for his subjugation . O'Neill ravaged the See also:

• PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

Pale, failed in an attempt on See also:

• DUNDALK

Dundalk, made a truce with the MacDonnells, and sought help from the earl of See also:

• DESMOND (Des-Mumha)
• DESMOND, GERALD FITZGERALD, 15TH EARL OF (d. 1583)7

Desmond . The English, on the other hand, invaded See also:

• DONEGAL

Donegal and restored O'Donnell . Failing in an attempt to arrange terms, and also in obtaining the help which he solicited from See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, O'Neill was utterly routed by the O'Donnells at See also:

• LETTERKENNY

Letterkenny; and seeking safety in See also:

• FLIGHT

flight, he threw himself on the See also:

• MERCY (adapted from Fr. merci, Lat. merces, reward)
• MERCY (or MERCI), FRANZ, FREIHERR VON

mercy of his enemies, the MacDonnells . Attended by a small See also:

• BODY

body of gallowglasses, and taking his prisoner Sorley Boy withhim, he presented himself among the MacDonnells near Cushen• dun, on the Antrim coast . Here, on the and of See also:

• JUNE

June 1567, whether by premeditated treachery or in a sudden brawl is uncertain, he was slain by the MacDonnells, and was buried at Gienarm . In his private See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character Shane O'Neill was a brutal, uneducated See also:

• SAVAGE
• SAVAGE, MINOT JUDSON (1841– )
• SAVAGE, RICHARD (d. 1743)

savage . He divorced his first wife, a daughter of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James MacDonnell, and treated his second, a sister of Calvagh O'Donnell, with See also:

• GROSS

gross See also:

• CRUELTY (through the O. Fr. crualte, mod. cruaute, from the Lat. crudelitas)

cruelty in revenge for her brother's hostility; Calvagh himself, when Shane's prisoner, he subjected to continual See also:

• TORTURE (from Lat. torquere, to twist)

torture; and Calvagh's wife, whom he made his See also:

• MISTRESS

mistress, and by whom he had several See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, endured See also:

• ILL

ill-usage at the hands of her drunken captor, who is said to have married her in 1565 .