Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

Encyclopedia Home

DANIEL SHARPE (18o6-1856)

GEORGE BERNARD SHAW (1856– )

HENRY WHEELER SHAW (1818–1885)

LEMUEL SHAW (1781–1861)

RICHARD NORMAN SHAW (1831– )

SHALM SHAWM (Fr. chalumeau, chalemelle, hautbois; Ger. Schalmei, Schalmey; Ital. Pifar cenamelle; Lat. calamus; tibia; Gr. a- Ws)

DANIEL SHAYS (1747–1825)

SHECHEM (mod. Nablus)

WILLIAM GREENOUGH THAYER SHEDD (1820–1894)

SIR MARTIN ARCHER SHEE (1770-1850)

SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

JOHN SHEEPSHANKS (1787–1863)

SHEFFIELD PLATE

1ST EARL JOHN BAKER HOLROYD SHEFFIELD

SHEIKH, or SHAIKH

RICHARD LALOR SHEIL (1791-1851)

SHEKEL (from Heb. shakal, to weigh)

ISAAC SHELBY (1750-1826)

CHARLES MONROE SHELDON (1857- )

GILBERT SHELDON (1598-1677)

SHELL (O. Eng. scell, scyll, cf. Du. sceel, shell, Goth. skalja, tile; the word means originally a thin flake,. cf. Swed. skalja, to peel off; it is allied to " scale " and " skill," from a root meaning to cleave, divide, separate)

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT SHELLEY (1797-1851)

PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY (1792-1822)

THOMAS SHELTON (fl. 1612-1620)

SHEM (Hebrew for " name, renown, posterity ")

SHENANDOAH VALLEY CAMPAIGNS

WILLIAM SHENSTONE (1714-1763)

JOHN [JACK] SHEPPARD (1702-1724)

SIR THEOPHILUS SHEPSTONE (1817-1893)

SHERANI, or SHIRANI

THOMAS SHERATON (c. 1751-1806)

SHERBET (the Turkish form of the Arabic sharbat, drink, shariba, he drank, cf. " shrub," an English derivative)

VISCOUNT ROBERT LOWE SHERBROOKE (1811–1892)

SHERE ALI KHAN (1825-1879)

PHILIP HENRY SHERIDAN (1831-1888)

SHERIF PASHA (1818-1887)

THOMAS SHERLOCK (1678-1761)

WILLIAM SHERLOCK (c. 1641-1707)

JOHN SHERMAN (x823-1900)

ROGER SHERMAN (1721–1793)

JOHN KEYSE SHERWIN (1751-1790)

SHERWOOD FOREST

MARY MARTHA SHERWOOD (1775-1851)

SHETLAND, or ZETLAND

SHIELD (0. Eng. scild, cf. Du. and Ger. Schild, Dan. Skjold; the origin is doubtful, but may be referred to the root seen in " shell " or " scale "; another suggestion connects it with Icel. skjalla, to clash, rattle; it is not connected with the Indo-Ger

WILLIAM SHIELD (1748—1829)

JAMES SHIELDS (181b-1879)

SHIFNAL, or SHIFENAL

SHIITES (from Arab. shi`a, a party, and then a sect)

RICHARD SHILLETO (18og-1876)

SHILLUH, or SHLUH (" vagabonds ")

BATTLE OF SHILOH

SHIMOGA, or SHEEMOGA

JONATHAN SHIPLEY (1714-1788)

SIR SIDNEY GODOLPHIN ALEXANDER SHIPPARD (1838-1902)

SHIRLEY (or SHERLEY), JAMES (1596-1666)

SHIRLEY (or SHERLEY), SIR ANTHONY (1565-c. 1635)

WILLIAM SHIRLEY (1694-1771)

EMILY ANNE ELIZA SHIRREFF (1814-1897)

SHOCK, or COLLAPSE

SHOE (a word appearing in the Teutonic languages in various forms, as Ger. Schuh, Swed. and Dan. sko, sometimes supposed to come from an unknown root ska or sku, cover)

SHOGUN (Japanese for " generalissimo ")

SHORING (from " shore," a prop)

FRANCIS JOB SHORT (1857– )

JOSEPH HENRY SHORTHOUSE (1834-1903)

SHOULDER (in O.E. sculder, cognate with Ger. Schulter, Dutch schouder, Swed. skuldra, &c; the root is unknown)

SHOVEL (O.E. scoff, from root of scufan, to shove, push, cf. Ger. Schaufel, also Schiippe, scoop)

SIR CLOUDESLEY [or CLOWDISLEY SHOVELL as he seems to have spelt the name himself] SHOVEL (c. 1650-1707)

DUKE OF CHARLES TALBOT SHREWSBURY (166o-1718)

DUKE SHREWSBURY

EARLS OF SHREWSBURY

COUNTESS OF ELIZABETH TALBOT SHREWSBURY (1518–16o8)

1ST EARL OF JOHN TALBOT SHREWSBURY (d. 1453)

SHRINE (Lat. scrinium, a case or chest for books, hence a casket; from scribere, to write, Fr. ecrin, Ital. scrigno)

SHROPSHIRE (SALOP)

SHROUD (O. Eng. scrud, garment; cf. Icel. skrudh, in the secondary sense of rigging, allied with " shred," O. Eng. screade, a piece, strip)

SHUMLA (Bulgarian Shumen, Turkish Shumna)

EDWARD SHUTER (c. 1728-1776)

SHUTTLE (O. Eng. shitel, &c.; from the same word as " shoot ")

SHUVALOV (sometimes written SCHOUVALOFF), PETER ANDREIVICH, COUNT (1827–1889)

SIALKOT, or SEALKOTE

SIAM (known to its inhabitants as Muang Thai)

SIBAWAIHI [Abu Bishr, or Abu-1 Hasan`Amr ibn`Uthman ibn Qanbar, known as SIBAWAIHI or SIBUY1] (c. 753-793)

SIR ROBERT SIBBALD (1641-1722)

JOHN SIBTHORP (1758-1796)

SIBYLLINE ORACLES

SIBYLS I (Sibyllae)

SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

FRANZ VON SICKINGEN (1481-1523)

DANIEL EDGAR SICKLES (1825– )

SICYON, or SECYON (the latter being the older form used by the natives)

SARAH SIDDONS (1755-1831)

SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

HENRY SIDGWICK (1838-1900)

1ST VISCOUNT HENRY ADDINGTON SIDMOUTH (1757–1844)

SIDNEY (or SYDNEY), ALGERNON (1622-1683)

SIR HENRY SIDNEY (1529-1586)

SIR PHILIP SIDNEY (1554-1586)

SIDON (Phoen. ins, Hebrew 1-rs, Assyr. Sidunnu, Egypt. Diduna)

SIEBENGEBIRGE (" The Seven Hills ")

CARL THEODOR ERNST VON SIEBOLD (1804–1885)

PHILIPP FRANZ VON SIEBOLD (1796-1866)

SIEDLCE (Russian Syedlets)

SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

ERNST WERNER VON SIEMENS (1816-1892)

SIR WILLIAM [KARL WILHELM] SIEMENS (1823-1883)

HENRYK SIENKIEWICZ (1846– )

THE SIERRA MORENA

SIERRA NEVADA (Span. for " snowy range ")

THE SIERRA NEVADA

SIEVE (O.E. sife, older sibi, cf. Dutch zeef, Ger. Sieb; from the subst. comes O.E. siftan, to sift)

XAVIER SIGALON (1788–1837)

SIGEBERT (d. 575)

SIGEBERT OF GEMBLOUX (c. 1030-1112)

FRANZ SIGEL (1824–1902)

SYGERIUS] SIGIERI SIGER DE BRABANT [SIGhIER

SIGISMUND (1368-1437)

SIGNATURE (through Fr. from Lat. signature, signare, to sign, signum, mark, token, sign)

SIGNIA (mod. Segni)

LUCA SIGNORELLI (c. 1442-c. 1524)

CAROLUS [CARLO SIGONIO Or SIGONE] SIGONIUS (c. 1524-1584)

LYDIA HUNTLEY SIGOURNEY (1791-1865)

JON SIGUR5SSON (1811-1879)

SIGURD (Sigur6r)

CHRISTOPH WILHELM VON SIGWART (1789-1844)

SIGYNNAE (EcyGvvat, Eiyevvoc)

SILAS (fl. A.D. 50)

ETIENNE DE SILHOUETTE (1709-1767)

atomic weight 28.3 SILICON [symbol Si (0= 16)]

SILISTRIA (Bulgarian Silistra)

SILIUS 1TALICUS

SILL (O.Eng. syl, Mid. E. sylle, selle; the word appears in Icel. syll, svill, Swed. syll, and Dan. syld, and in German, as Schwelle; Skeat refers to the Teutonic root swal-, swell, the word meaning the rise or swell formed by a beam at a threshold; the L

EDWARD ROWLAND SILL (1841-1887)

BENJAMIN SILLIMAN (1779-1864)

ANTONIO JOSE DA SILVA (1705–1739)

SILVANUS (Lat. silva, wood)

BARON ANTOINE ISAAC SILVESTRE DE SACY (1758-1838)

PAUL ARMAND SILVESTRE (1837-1901)

SILVESTRINES, or SYLVESTRINES

JOHN GRAVES SIMCOE (1752-1806)

SIMEON (or SYMEON) OF DURHAM (d. after 1129)

ST SIMEON STYLITES (390-459)

COMTE JOSEPH JEROME SIMEON (1749–1842)

JOSIAS SIMLER (1530-1576)

EDWARD EMERSON SIMMONS (1852– )

WILLIAM GILMORE SIMMS (1806–1870)

SIMON BEN YOHAI (2nd century A.D.)

SIMON MAGUS (" Simon the Magician "; Gr. palms, a wizard)

SIMON OF ST QUENTIN (ft. 1247)

ABRAHAM SIMON (1622-1692)

JULES FRANCOIS SIMON (1814–1896)

RICHARD SIMON (1638–1712)

SIR JOHN SIMON (1816–1904)

THOMAS SIMON (c. 1623-1665)

SIMONE (1457—1508)

SIMONIDES (or SEMONIDES) OF AMORGOS

SIMONIDES OF CEOS (c. 556-469 B.C.)

SIMOOM, or SAMUM

SIMPLE CHOLERA (synonyms, Cholera Europaea, British Cholera, Summer or Autumnal Cholera)

MATTHEW SIMPSON (1811-1884)

SIR JAMES YOUNG SIMPSON (1811-1870)

THOMAS SIMPSON (1710-1761)

KARL JOSEPH SIMROCK (1802-1876)

GEORGE ROBERT SIMS (1847– )

MARTIN EDUARD VON SIMSON (1810-1899)

ROBERT SIMSON (1687-1768)

SIN (O. Eng. syn: a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zonde, Ger. Siinde)

BART SIR JOHN SINCLAIR

VOYAGES OF SINDBAD THE SAILOR

SINDHI (properly Sindhi, the language of Sindh, i.e. Sind) AND LAHNDA (properly Lahnda or Lahindd, western, or Laknde-di boli, the language of the west)

SINECURE (Lat. sine cura, without care)

SINEW (O. Eng. sinu, sionu, cf. Dutch zenuw, Ger. Sehne, possibly allied to Skt. snava, tendon, cf. Ger. Schnur, string)

SINGAPORE (Malay, Singapiira, i.e. " The City of the Lion")

SIMEON SINGER (1846-1906)

SINGORA, or SONGKLA (the Sangore of early navigators)

SION [Ger. Sitten]

SIPHENO SIPHANTO

SIPHON, or SYPHON (Lat. sipho; Gr. vi4xov, a tube)

SIPPARA (Zimbir in Sumerian, Sippar in Assyro-Babylonian)

SIR ALEXANDER SETON (d. c. 136o)

SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON

SIR ARTHUR THOMAS COTTON (1803-1899)

SIR CHRISTOPHER SETON

SIR FREDERICK PEEL (1823—1906)

SIR GEOFFREY LE SCROPE (d. 1340)

SIR HENRY JOHN STEDMAN COTTON (1845– )

SIR JAMES SEMPILL (1566–1626)

SIR PETER WENTWORTH (1592-1675)

SIR REGINALD PALGRAVE (1829—1904)

SIR WILLIAM OF DOUGLAS (d. 1298)

SIR WILLIAM SETON

SIR WILLIAM SINCLAIR

SIRDAR, or SARDAR (Persian sardar, meaning a leader or joint; and the bones of the fore-arm are about equally developed, officer)

SIRENS (Gr. Metpi7ves)

SIRGUJA, or SURGUJA

SIRKAR (Persian sarkar, meaning " head of affairs ")

JACQUES SIRMOND (1559-1651)

SIRMUR, or SARMOR (also called NAHAN, after the chief town)

SIS (anc. Sision or Siskia, later Flaviopolis or Flavias)

SISAL HEMP, or HENEQUEN

SISKIN (Dan. sidsken, Ger. Zeisig and Zeising)

ALFRED SISLEY (1840-1899)

JEAN CHARLES LEONARD DE SISMONDI (1773-1842)

SISSEK (Hungarian, Sziszek; Croatian, Sisak)

SISTERHOODS (MODERN ANGLICAN)

SISTOVA (Bulg. Svishtov)

SISTRUM (Gr. veia'rpov, Ger. Rappel)

SITKA (formerly New Archangel)

SITTING BULL (c. 1837—1890)

SIVAJI (1627—1680)