SHINWARI  , a

Durani Afghan tribe occupying the northern slopes of the Safed Kob below Jalalabad . One clan, the Ali Sher Khel, fall within the British sphere in the North-West Frontier Province of India . They live on the Loargai border of Peshawar district, and number some 3000 fighting men . The remaining three clans are Afghan subjects . SHIO-GHI, the Japanese game of chess . Like Go-bang, the game of the middle classes, and Sugorochu (double-six), that of the common people, it was introduced from China many centuries ago and is still popular with the educated classes . It is played on a board divided into 81 squares, nine on a side, with 20 pieces on each side, arranged on the three ,outer rows . The pieces, which are flat and punt-shaped with the smaller end towards the front, represent, by means of different inscriptions, the 0, or Sho, King-General, with whose checkmate the game ends, his two chief aids, the Kin and Ghin, Gold and Silver Generals (two of each), Ka-Ma, horse or knight (two), Yari, spearman (two), one Hisha, or flying chariot (rook), one Kaku (bishop), and nine Hio or Fu, soldiers or pawns . All these pieces, like those in chess, possess different functions . The chief difference between chess and Shio-ghi is that in the Japanese game a piece does not cease to be a factor in the game when it is captured by the opponent, but may be returned by him to the board at any time as a reserve; and, secondly, all pieces, except the King and Gold General, are promoted to higher powers upon entering the last three rows of the enemy's territory . This possibility of utilizing captured forces against their former masters and the altering values of the different men render shio-ghi a very difficult and complicated game . See Games Ancient and Oriental, by E .

Falkener (

London, 1892) ; the Field (Sept . 1904) .