COUNTESS OF See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

ELIZABETH See also:

• TALBOT (FAMILY)
• TALBOT, MARY ANNE (1778-1808)
• TALBOT, WILLIAM HENRY FOX (1800–1877)

TALBOT See also:

• SHREWSBURY
• SHREWSBURY, CHARLES TALBOT, DUKE OF (166o-1718)
• SHREWSBURY, DUKE
• SHREWSBURY, EARLS OF
• COUNTESS OF ELIZABETH TALBOT SHREWSBURY (1518–16o8)
• SHREWSBURY, JOHN TALBOT, 1ST EARL OF (d. 1453)

SHREWSBURY (1518–16o8)  , better known by her See also:

• NICKNAME

nickname " Bess of Hardwick," was the daughter and co-heiress of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• HARDWICKE, PHILIP YORKE, 1ST EARL

Hardwicke of Hardwicke in See also:

• DERBYSHIRE

Derbyshire . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of fourteen she was married to a John See also:

• BARLOW, JOEL (1754-1812)
• BARLOW, PETER (1776-1862)
• BARLOW, SIR GEORGE HILARO (1762-1847)

Barlow, the owner of a large See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate, who did not See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long survive the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage, and as his estates had been settled on her and her heirs, she became a wealthy widow . She remained single till the loth of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1549, when she married See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• CAVENDISH
• CAVENDISH, GEORGE (1500-1562?)
• CAVENDISH, HENRY (1731-1810)
• CAVENDISH, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1505-1557)

Cavendish, who, to please her, sold his lands in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased the See also:

• CHATSWORTH

Chatsworth estates in Derbyshire . Six See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children were See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born of the marriage, three sons and three daughters . One of the sons was the founder of the ducal See also:

• FAMILY

family of See also:

• DEVONSHIRE (DEvoN)
• DEVONSHIRE, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Devonshire, and another of the ducal family of See also:

• NEWCASTLE
• NEWCASTLE, DUKES OF

Newcastle . Sir William Cavendish having died on the 25th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1557, her third See also:

• HUSBAND

husband was Sir William St Lo (or St Loe or St See also:

• LOWE, JOHANN KARL GOTTFRIED (1796-1869)
• LOWE, SIR HUDSON (1769-1844)

Lowe), See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain of the guard to See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth and owner of an estateat Tormarton in See also:

• GLOUCESTERSHIRE

Gloucestershire . She insisted that his lands should be settled on her and her heirs, and when Sir William died without issue, she made See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good her claim to all his See also:

• PROPERTY

property to the detriment of his See also:

• SISTER

sister and See also:

• COUSINS, SAMUEL (18o1-1887)

cousins . Bess of Hardwick was now the wealthiest subject in England . Her income was calculated to amount to £6o,000, which was relatively a far more important sum then than it is to-See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . She still retained much of her good looks; her charms and her See also:

• WEALTH

wealth outweighed her reputation for rapacity, and she was much sought in marriage . With the approval of Queen Elizabeth, who was not by See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit a matchmaker, she was married in 1568 for the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• TALBOT (FAMILY)
• TALBOT, MARY ANNE (1778-1808)
• TALBOT, WILLIAM HENRY FOX (1800–1877)

Talbot, 6th See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• SHREWSBURY
• SHREWSBURY, CHARLES TALBOT, DUKE OF (166o-1718)
• SHREWSBURY, DUKE
• SHREWSBURY, EARLS OF
• SHREWSBURY, ELIZABETH TALBOT, COUNTESS OF (1518–16o8)
• SHREWSBURY, JOHN TALBOT, 1ST EARL OF (d. 1453)

Shrewsbury . Bess made her usual good bargain as to settlements, and also insisted on arranging marriages between two of her children by Sir William Cavendish and two of the earl's by a former marriage .

In 1574 the countess took See also:

• ADVANTAGE

advantage of a visit of the countess of See also:

• LENNOX
• LENNOX, CHARLOTTE (1720-1804)
• LENNOX, MARGARET, COUNTESS OF (1515-1578)

Lennox to marry her daughter Elizabeth to See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• STUART, ARABELLA (1575-1615)
• STUART, GILBERT (1755-x828)
• STUART, JAMES EWELL BROWN (1833-1864)
• STUART, JOHN
• STUART, MOSES (1780-1852)
• STUART, SIR JOHN, COUNT

Stuart, the younger son of the Lennoxes and See also:

• BROTHER

brother of See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• DARNLEY, HENRY STEWART

Darnley, the second husband of the queen of Scots . She acted without the knowledge of her husband, who declined to accept any responsibility . As the Lennox family had a claim to the See also:

• THRONE

throne this match was considered as a See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof of the ambition of the countess of Shrewsbury, and she was sent to the See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

Tower by the queen, but was soon released . The See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child of the marriage was Arabella Stuart, whom her grandmother treated at first with favour but later on with See also:

• CRUELTY (through the O. Fr. crualte, mod. cruaute, from the Lat. crudelitas)

cruelty and neglect . By this time the earl of Shrewsbury and his wife were on very See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad terms with one another, and the former tried to obtain a See also:

• DIVORCE

divorce . The countess revenged herself by accusing him of a love intrigue with the queen of Scots, a See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge which she was forced to retract before the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council . In the meantime she had told some filthy See also:

• SCANDAL

scandal about Queen Elizabeth to Queen See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary, who made use of it in the extraordinary See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter she wrote some time in 1584 . In 1583 the countess of Shrewsbury went to live apart from her husband, with whom she was afterwards reconciled formally by the queen . After his See also:

• DEATH

death in 1590 she lived mostly at Hardwicke, where she built the See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

• MANSION (through O. Fr. mansion, mod. maison, from Lat. mansio, dwelling-place, stage on a journey; manere, to remain)

mansion which still stands . She was indeed one of the greatest builders of her time at Hardwicke, Chatsworth and Oldcoates . It is said that she believed she would not See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die so long as she was See also:

• BUILDING

building . Her death came on the 13th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 16o8 during a See also:

• FROST (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch, vorst, Ger. Frost, from the common Teutonic verb meaning " to freeze," Dutch, vriezcn, Ger. frieren; the Indo-European root is seen in Lat. pruina, hoar-frost, cf. prurire, to itch, burn, pruna, burning coal, Sans
• FROST, WILLIAM EDWARD (1810–1877)

frost which put a stop to her building operations .

She was buried in All See also:

• SAINTS, BATTLE OF THE

Saints' See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church, See also:

• DERBY
• DERBY, EARLS OF

Derby, under a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument with a laudatory inscription which she took care to put up in her lifetime . Two portraits of her exist at Hardwicke, one taken in her youth, while the second, by See also:

• CORNELIUS
• CORNELIUS, CARL AUGUST PETER (1824-1874)
• CORNELIUS, PETER VON (1784–1867)

Cornelius See also:

• JANSSEN, JOHANNES (1829-1891)
• JANSSEN, or JANSEN (sometimes JOHNSON), CORNELIUS (1593-1664)
• JANSSEN, PIERRE JULES CESAR (1824–1907)

Janssen, engraved by See also:

• VERTUE, GEORGE (1684-1756)

Vertue, represents her as an old woman . She had no children except by her second husband, and to them she See also:

• LEFT

left the vast estates she accumulated by her successive marriages . See See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

White See also:

• KENNETT, WHITE (1660–1728)

Kennett, See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs of the Cavendish Family (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1708) ; and Mrs See also:

• MURRAY
• MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
• MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
• MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
• MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
• MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
• MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
• MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
• MURRAY, JOHN
• MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
• MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
• MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
• MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
• MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )

Murray See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith (See also:

• MISS

Miss E . T . See also:

• BRADLEY, GEORGE GRANVILLE (1821–1903)
• BRADLEY, JAMES (1693–1762)

Bradley), See also:

• LIFE

Life of Arabella Stuart (London, 1889) ; Mrs See also:

• STEPNEY
• STEPNEY, GEORGE (1663-1707)

Stepney Rawson, Bess of Hardwicke (1910) .