See also:

• SHUVALOV (sometimes written SCHOUVALOFF), PETER ANDREIVICH, COUNT (1827–1889)

SHUVALOV (sometimes written SCHOUVALOFF), See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

PETER ANDREIVICH, See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

COUNT (1827–1889)  , See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian diplomatist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1827 of an old Russian See also:

• FAMILY

family which See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose to distinction and imperial favour about the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . Several of its members attained high•See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank in the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army and the See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration, and one of them may be regarded as the founder of the See also:

• MOSCOW (Russian Moskva)
• MOSCOW, (Russian Moskva)

Moscow University and the St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of the See also:

• FINE

Fine Arts . As a youth See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter Andreivich showed no See also:

• DESIRE

desire to emulate his distinguished ancestors . He studied just enough to qualify for the army, and for nearly twenty years he led the agreeable, See also:

• COMMONPLACE

commonplace See also:

• LIFE

life of a fashionable officer of the See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

Guards . In 1864 See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

Court See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence secured for him the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

Governor-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General of the Baltic Provinces, and in that position he gave See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of so much natural ability and tact that in 1866, when the revolutionary See also:

• FERMENTATION

fermentation in the younger See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section of the educated classes made it advisable to See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of exceptional intelligence and See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy, he was selected by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor for the See also:

• POST

post . In addition to his See also:

• REGULAR

regular functions, he was entrusted by his See also:

• MAJESTY (Fr. majeste; Lat. majestas, grandeur, greatness, from the base mag-, as in magnus, great, major, greater, &c.)

Majesty with much See also:

• WORK

work of a confidential, delicate nature, including a See also:

• MISSION

mission to See also:

• LONDON

London in 1873 . The ostensible See also:

• OBJECT

object of this mission was to arrange amicably certain See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic difficulties created by the advance of See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia in Central See also:

• ASIA

Asia, but he was instructed at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to prepare the way for the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage of the See also:

• GRAND

grand duchess See also:

• MARIE

Marie Alexandrovna with the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh, which took place in See also:

• JANUARY

January of the following See also:

• YEAR

year . At that time the emperor See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander II. was anxious to establish cordial relations with See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, and he thought this object might best be attained by appointing as his diplomatic representative at the See also:

• BRITISH

British Court the man who had See also:

• CON

con-ducted successfully the See also:

• RECENT

recent matrimonial negotiations . Count See also:

• SHUVALOV (sometimes written SCHOUVALOFF), PETER ANDREIVICH, COUNT (1827–1889)

Shuvalov was accordingly appointed See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador to London; and he justified his selection by the extraordinary diplomatic ability he displayed during the Russo-See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of 1877–78 and the subsequent negotiations, when the relations between Russia and Great Britain were strained almost to the point of rupture . After the publication of the treaty of See also:

• SAN

San Stefano, which astonished See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and seemed to render a conflict inevitable, he concluded with See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury a See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

convention which enabled the two See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers to meet in See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress and find a pacific See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution for all the questions at issue . In the deliberations and discussions of the congress he played a leading See also:

• PART

part, and defended the interests of his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country with a dexterity which excited the admiration of his colleagues; but when it became known that the San Stefano arrangements were profoundly modified by the treaty of See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, public See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion in Russia con- See also:

• XXV

xxv . Idemned him as too conciliatory, and reproached him with having needlessly given up many of the advantages secured by the war .

For a time Alexander II. resisted the popular clamour, but in the autumn of 1879, when See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• BISMARCK
• BISMARCK, OTTO EDUARD LEOPOLD VON, PRINCE

Bismarck assumed an attitude of hostility towards Russia, Count Shuvalov, who had been See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long regarded as too amenable to Bismarckian influence, was recalled from his post as ambassador in London; and after living for nearly ten years in retirement, he died at St Petersburg in 1889 . (D . M .