See also:

• FRANZ, ROBERT (1815-1892)

FRANZ VON See also:

• FRANZ VON SICKINGEN (1481-1523)

SICKINGEN (1481-1523)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight, one of the most notable figures of the first See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Ebernburg near See also:

• WORMS

Worms . Having fought for the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• MAXIMILIAN
• MAXIMILIAN (1832—1867)

Maximilian I. against See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice in 1508, he inherited large estates on the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine, and increased his See also:

• WEALTH

wealth and reputation by numerous private feuds, in which he usually posed as the friend of the oppressed . In 1513 he took up the See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel of Balthasar Schli r, a See also:

• CITIZEN (a form corrupted in Eng., apparently by analogy with " denizen," from O. Fr. citeain, mod. Fr. citoyen)

citizen who had been driven out of Worms, and attacked this See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city with 7000 men . In spite of the imperial See also:

• BAN

ban, he devastated its lands, intercepted its See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce, and only desisted when his demands were granted . He made See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war upon Antony, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• LORRAINE

Lorraine, and compelled See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip, See also:

• LANDGRAVE (Ger. Landgraf, from Land, " a country" and Graf, "count" )

landgrave of See also:

• HESSE
• HESSE (Lat. Hessia, Ger. Hessen)

Hesse, to pay him 35,000 gulden . In 1518 he interfered in a See also:

• CIVIL

civil conflict in See also:

• METZ

Metz, ostensibly siding with the citizens against the governing See also:

• OLIGARCHY (Gr. oXiyot, few, apxil, rule)

oligarchy . He led an See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of 20,000 men against the city, compelled the magistrates to give him 20,000 See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold gulden and a See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month's pay for his troops . In 1518 Maximilian released him from the ban, and he took See also:

• PART

part in the war carried on by the Swabian See also:

• LEAGUE

League against See also:

• ULRICH

Ulrich I., duke of See also:

• WURTTEMBERG

Wurttemberg . In the contest for the imperial See also:

• THRONE

throne upon the See also:

• DEATH

death of Maximilian in 1519, See also:

• SICKINGEN, FRANZ VON (1481-1523)

Sickingen accepted bribes from See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis I., See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, but when the See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place he led his troops to See also:

• FRANKFORT

Frankfort, where their presence assisted to secure the,election of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles V . For this service he was made imperial See also:

• CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
• CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)

chamberlain and councillor, and in 1521 he led an expedition into France, which ravaged See also:

• PICARDY (La Picardie)

Picardy, but was beaten back from See also:

• MEZIERES, PHILIPPE DE (c. 1327—1405)

Mezieres and forced to See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat . About 1517 Sickingen became intimate with Ulrich von See also:

• HUTTEN, PHILIPP VON (c. 1511—1546)
• HUTTEN, ULRICH VON (1488—1523)

Hutten, and gave his support to Hutten's schemes . In 1519 a See also:

• THREAT

threat from him freed See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• REUCHLIN, JOHANN (1455–1522)

Reuchlin from his enemies, the See also:

• DOMINICANS

Dominicans, and his castles became in Hutten's words a See also:

• REFUGE

refuge for righteousness .

Here many of the reformers found shelter, and a retreat was offered to See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin See also:

• LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546)

Luther . After the failure of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French expedition, Sickingen, aided by Hutten, formed, or revived, a large See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme to overthrow the spiritual princes and to elevate the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of See also:

• KNIGHTHOOD

knighthood . He hoped to secure this by the help of the towns and peasants, and to make a See also:

• GREAT

great position for himself . A large army was soon collected, many nobles from the upper Rhineland joined the See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard, and at See also:

• LANDAU

Landau, in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1522, Sickingen was formally named See also:

• COMMANDER

commander . He declared war against his old enemy, See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard of Greiffenklau, See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of See also:

• TRIER (French Troves)

Trier, and marched against that city . Trier was loyal to the archbishop, and the landgrave of Hesse and See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis V., See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count See also:

• PALATINE (from Lat. palatium, a palace,)

palatine of the Rhine, hastened to his assistance . Sickingen, who had not obtained the help he wished for, was compelled to fall back on his See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of Landstuhl, near See also:

• KAISERSLAUTERN

Kaiserslautern, See also:

• COLLECTING

collecting much See also:

• BOOTY (apparently influenced by " boot," O. Eng. bot, ad-vantage or profit, through an adaptation from an earlier form cognate with Ger. Beute and Fr. butin)

booty on the way . On the 22nd of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1522 the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of regency placed him under the ban, to which he replied, in the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1523, by plundering Kaiserslautern . The rulers of Trier, Hesse and the See also:

• PALATINATE (Ger. Pfalz)

Palatinate decided to See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press the See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign against him, and having obtained help from the Swabian League, marched on Landstuhl . Sickingen refused to treat, and during the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege was seriously wounded . This attack is notable as one of the first occasions on which See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery was used, and by its aid breaches were soon made in an otherwise impregnable fortress . On the 6th of May 1523 he was forced to capitulate, and on the following See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day he died .

He was buried at Landstuhl, and in 1889 a splendid See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument was raised at Ebernburg to his memory and to that of Hutten . His son See also:

• FRANZ, ROBERT (1815-1892)

Franz See also:

• CONRAD (d. 955)
• CONRAD, JOSEPH (1856– )
• CONRAD, or KONRAD (M. H. Ger. Kuonrdl, i.e. " keen in counsel," Lat. Conradus, It. Corrado, cf. the A.S. Ccenred)

Conrad was made a See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

baron of the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire (Reichsfreiherr) by Maximilian II., and a descendant was raised in 1773 to the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of count (Reichsgraf) . A See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the See also:

• FAMILY

family still exists in See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria and See also:

• SILESIA

Silesia . See H . Ulmann, Franz von Sickingen (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1872); F . P . See also:

• BREMER, FREDRIKA (r8or–1865)

Bremer, Sickingens Fehde gegen Trier (See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg, 1885); H . See also:

• PRUTZ, HANS (1843– )
• PRUTZ, ROBERT EDUARD (1816-1872)

Prutz, " Franz von Sickingen " in Der neue See also:

• PLUTARCH
• PLUTARCH (Gr. llXoi rapxos) (c. A.D. 46–120)

Plutarch (Leipzig, 1880), and the " Flersheimer Chronik " in Hutten's Deutsche Schriften, edited by O . Waltz and Szamatolati (Strassburg, 1891) .