See also:

• SICYON, or SECYON (the latter being the older form used by the natives)

SICYON, or SECYON (the latter being the older See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form used by the natives)  , an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city situated in See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• PELOPONNESUS (" Island of Pelops ")

Peloponnesus between Corinthia and See also:

• ACHAEA

Achaea . It was built on a See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low triangular See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau about 2 M. from the Corinthian Gulf, at the confluence of the Asopus and the Helisson, whose sunken beds protected it on E. and W . Between the city and its See also:

• PORT

port See also:

• LAY

lay a fertile See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain with See also:

• OLIVE (Olea europaea)

olive-groves and orchards . See also:

• SICYON, or SECYON (the latter being the older form used by the natives)

Sicyon's See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive name Aegialeia indicates that its See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population was Ionian; in the Iliad it appears as a dependency of See also:

• AGAMEMNON

Agamemnon, and its See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early connexion with See also:

• ARGOS

Argos is further proved by the myth and surviving cult of Adrastus . After the Dorian invasion the community was divided anew into the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary three Dorian tribes and an equally privileged tribe of See also:

• IONIANS

Ionians, besides which a class of Kopuvrlti)opoc or KaTCOVaKOOpoc lived on the See also:

• LAND

land as See also:

• SERFS, SERROS

serfs . For some centuries Sicyon remained subject to Argos, whence its Dorian conquerors had come; as See also:

• LATE

late as 500 B.C. it acknowledged a certain See also:

• SUZERAINTY

suzerainty . But its virtual See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence was established in the 7th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, when a See also:

• LINE

line of tyrants arose and initiated an See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-Dorian policy . This See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty, known after its founder Orthagoras as the Orthagoridae, exercised a mild See also:

• RULE

rule, and there-fore lasted longer than any other See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession of Greek tyrants (about 665–565 s.C.) . See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

Chief of these rulers was the founder's See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson See also:

• CLEISTHENES

Cleisthenes—the See also:

• UNCLE

uncle of the Athenian legislator of that name (see CLEISTIIENES, 2) . Besides reforming the city's constitution to the See also:

• ADVANTAGE

advantage of the Ionians and replacing Dorian cults by the See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship of See also:

• DIONYSUS (probably = " son of Zeus," from & Os and vv(7os, a Thracian word for " son ")

Dionysus, Cleisthenes gained renown as the chief instigator and See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the First Sacred See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War (590) in the interests of the Delphians . From See also:

• HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus' famous See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the wooing of Agariste it may be inferred that he held intercourse with many commercial centres of See also:

• GREECE

Greece and See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy . About this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time Sicyon See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed the various See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries for which it was noted in antiquity .

As the See also:

• ABODE (from " abide," to dwell, properly " to wait for ," to bide)

abode of the sculptors See also:

• DIPOENUS

Dipoenus and Scyllis it gained pre-See also:

• EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence in See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood-See also:

• CARVING

carving and See also:

• BRONZE

bronze See also:

• WORK

work such as is still to be seen in the archaic See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal facings found at See also:

• OLYMPIA

Olympia . Its pottery, which resembled the Corinthian See also:

• WARE

ware, was exported with the latter as far as See also:

• ETRURIA

Etruria . In Sicyon also the See also:

• ART

art of See also:

• PAINTING

painting was supposed to have been " invented." After the fall of the tyrants their institutions survived till the end of the 6th century, when the Dorian supremacy was re-established, perhaps by the agency of See also:

• SPARTA (Gr. Eirapril or AaKe5atycav)

Sparta, and the city was enrolled in the Peloponnesian See also:

• LEAGUE

League . Henceforth See also:

• SIDDONS, SARAH (1755-1831)

SIDDONS 37 its policy was usually determined either by Sparta or by its powerful See also:

• NEIGHBOUR (O. Eng. neahgebiir, from Walt, " nigh," " near ")

neighbour See also:

• CORINTH
• CORINTH, ISTHMUS OF

Corinth . During the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian See also:

• WARS

wars Sicyon could See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place 3000 heavy-armed men in the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field; its school of bronze sculptors still flourished, and produced in See also:

• CANACHUS

Canachus (q.v.) a See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the late archaic See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style . In the 5th century it suffered like Corinth from the commercial rivalry of See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens in the western seas, and was repeatedly harassed by flying squadrons of Athenian See also:

• SHIPS

ships . In the Peloponnesian war Sicyon followed the See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead of Sparta and Corinth . When these two See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers quarrelled after the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• NICIAS
• NICIAS (d. 414 B.C.)

Nicias it remained loyal to the Spartans; but the latter thought it prudent to stiffen the oligarchic See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government against a nascent democratic See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement . Again in the Corinthian war Sicyon sided with Sparta and became its See also:

• BASE

base of operations against the allied troops See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round Corinth . In 369 it was captured and garrisoned by the Thebans in their successful attack on the Peloponnesian League . On this occasion a powerful See also:

• CITIZEN (a form corrupted in Eng., apparently by analogy with " denizen," from O. Fr. citeain, mod. Fr. citoyen)

citizen named Euphron effected a democratic revolution and established himself See also:

• TYRANT (Gr. r6pavvos, master, ruler)

tyrant by popular support . His deposition by the Thebans and subsequent See also:

• MURDER

murder freed Sicyon for a See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season, but new tyrants arose with the help of See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip II. of Macedon .

Nevertheless during this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period Sicyon reached its See also:

• ZENITH (from the Arabic)

zenith as a centre of art: its school of painting gained fame under See also:

• EUPOMPUS

Eupompus and attracted the See also:

• GREAT

great masters See also:

• PAMPHILUS
• PAMPHILUS (1st century A.D.)

Pamphilus and See also:

• APELLES

Apelles as students; its See also:

• SCULPTURE
• SCULPTURE (Lat. sculptura, from sculpere, to carve, cognate with Gr. yXb4ew)

sculpture was raised to a level hardly surpassed in Greece by See also:

• LYSIPPUS

Lysippus and his pupils . After participating in the Lamian war and the See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns of the Macedonian pretenders the city was captured (303) by See also:

• DEMETRIUS

Demetrius Poliorcetes, who trans-planted all the inhabitants to the See also:

• ACROPOLIS (Gr. aKpos, top, a6)Xts, city)

Acropolis and renamed the site Demetrias . In the 3rd century it again passed from tyrant to tyrant, until in 251 it was finally liberated and enrolled in the Achaean League by See also:

• ARATUS

Aratus (q.v.) . The destruction of Corinth (146.) brought Sicyon an acquisition of territory and the See also:

• PRESIDENCY

presidency over the Isthmian See also:

• GAMES, CLASSICAL

games; yet in See also:

• CICERO

Cicero's time it had fallen deep into See also:

• DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt . Under the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire it was quite obscured by the re-stored cities of Corinth and Patrae; in See also:

• PAUSANIAS

Pausanias' See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age (A.D . 150) it was almost desolate . In See also:

• BYZANTINE

Byzantine times it became a See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop's seat, and to See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge by its later name " Hellas " it served as a See also:

• REFUGE

refuge for the Greeks from the See also:

• SLAVONIC, OLD

Slavonic immigrants of the 8th century . The See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Vasiliko which now occupies the site is quite insignificant . On the plateau parts of the ancient fortifications are still visible, including the See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall between See also:

• TOWN

town and Acropolis near the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• APEX

apex . A little See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of this wall are remains of a See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre and See also:

• STADIUM

stadium, traces of aqueducts and See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations of buildings . The theatre, which was excavated by the See also:

• AMERICAN

American School of See also:

• ARCHAEOLOGY (from Gr. &pxa1a, ancient things, and Xoyos, theory or science)

Archaeology in 1886-1887, 1891 and 1898, was built in the slope towards the Acropolis, probably in the first See also:

• HALF

half of the 4th century, and measured 400 ft. in See also:

• DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

diameter; the See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage was rebuilt in See also:

• ROMAN

Roman times . The See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side entrances to the auditorium were covered in with vaults of Greek construction; a curious feature is a See also:

• TUNNEL (Fr. tonne!, later tonneau, a diminutive from Low Lat. tonna, tunna, a tun, cask)

tunnel from below the stage into the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the auditorium .