See also:

• SIDON (Phoen. ins, Hebrew 1-rs, Assyr. Sidunnu, Egypt. Diduna)

SIDON (Phoen. ins, See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew 1-rs, Assyr. Sidunnu, See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt. Diduna)  , formerly the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• PHOENICIA

Phoenicia, now a small See also:

• TOWN

town of about 15,000 inhabitants, situated on the Syrian See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast between See also:

• BEIRUT

Beirut and Sur (See also:

• TYRE (Phoen. and Hebr. =" rock," Assyr. S'urru, Egypt. Dara, Early Lat. Sarra)

Tyre) . The name, which the See also:

• ARABS

Arabs now pronounce Saida, has been explained as meaning " See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish-town " (cf . Hebr. rns " to See also:

• HUNT, ALFRED WILLIAM (183o-1896)
• HUNT, HENRY (1i73-1835)
• HUNT, HENRY JACKSON (1819-1889)
• HUNT, JAMES HENRY LEIGH (1784-1859)
• HUNT, ROBERT (1807-1887)
• HUNT, THOMAS STERRY (1826-1892)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HENRY (1790—1864)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HOLMAN (1827-1910)
• HUNT, WILLIAM MORRIS (1824-1879)

hunt," in Phoen. perhaps " to fish "); more likely it is connected with the See also:

• GOD

god Sid, who is known only as an See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element in proper names (see See also:

• COOKE, GEORGE FREDERICK (1756–1811)
• COOKE, JAY (1821–1905)
• COOKE, ROSE TERRY (1827-1892)

Cooke, See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North-Sem . Inscrr. p . 91); possibly both town and See also:

• PEOPLE

people were named after him . The See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient city extended some Soo yds. inland from the See also:

• SHORE

shore over ground which is now covered by See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit-gardens . From a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions, all giving the same See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text, discovered at Bostan esh-Shekh, a little way to the N. of Saida, we learn that the ancient city was divided into three divisions at least, one of which was called " See also:

• SIDON (Phoen. ins, Hebrew 1-rs, Assyr. Sidunnu, Egypt. Diduna)

Sidon by the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea," and another " Sidon on the See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain " (?) (see N.-Sem . Inscrr . App. i.) . In front of the See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat promontory to which the See also:

• MODERN

modern Sidon is confined there stretches northwards and southwards a rocky See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula; at the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern extremity of this begins a series of small rocks enclosing the See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour, which is a very See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad one . The See also:

• PORT

port was formerly protected on the north by the Qal'at el-See also:

• BAHR

Bahr (" Sea See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle "), a See also:

• BUILDING

building of the 13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, situated on an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island still connected with the mainland by a See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge . On the S. See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the town See also:

• LAY

lay the so-called See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian harbour, which was filled up in the 17th century in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to keep out the See also:

• TURKS

Turks .

The See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall by which Sidon is. at See also:

• PRESENT

present surrounded is pierced by two See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates; at the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form, angus, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

angle, upon a heap of rubbish, stand the remains of the citadel . The streets are very narrow, and the buildings of any See also:

• INTEREST

interest few; most prominent are some large caravanserais belonging to the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of Sidon's modern prosperity, and the large See also:

• MOSQUE (through Fr. mosquie; Span. mezquila, from Arab. masjid, sajada, to adore)

mosque, formerly a See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of the knights of St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John . The inhabitants support themselves mainly on the produce of their luxuriant gardens; but the increasing See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade of Beirut has withdrawn the bulk of the See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce from Sidon . In earlier days Phoenicia produced excellent See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, that of Sidon being specially esteemed; it is mentioned in an Aramaic See also:

• PAPYRUS

papyrus from See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt (4th century B.C., N.S.I. p . 213) . One of the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries of Sidon used to be the manufacture of See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass from the See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand of the See also:

• RIVER

river Belus . To the S.E. of the town lies the Phoenician See also:

• NECROPOLIS

necropolis, which has been to a See also:

• GREAT

great extent investigated . The principal finds are sarcophagi, and next to these sculptures and paintings . It was here that the superb' See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek sarcophagi, which are now in the Imperial Museum at See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople, were found, and the sarcophagi of the two Sidonian See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings Eshmunazar (Louvre) and Tabnith (Imperial Museum, Constantinople), both of them with important Phoenician inscriptions . The ancient See also:

• HISTORY

history of Sidon is discussed in the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article PHOENICIA . In A.D . 325 a See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Sidon attended the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

Council of See also:

• NICAEA, COUNCIL OF
• NICAEA, or NICE

Nicaea .

In 637–638 the town was taken by the Arabs . During the See also:

• CRUSADES

Crusades it was alternately in the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the See also:

• FRANKS
• FRANKS, SIR AUGUSTUS WOLLASTON (1826-1897)

Franks and the Mahommedans, but finally See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into the hands of the latter in 1291 . As the See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of the Druse See also:

• AMIR, or AMEER (an Arabic word meaning " commander," from the root amr, " commanding ")

Amir See also:

• FAKHR

Fakhr ud-Din, it See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose to some prosperity about the beginning of the 17th century, but towards the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the 18th its commerce again passed away and has never returned . The biblical references to Sidon are Gen. x . 15 (the people), xlix . 13; Is. See also:

• XXIII

xxiii . 1-14; Ezek. See also:

• XXVII

xxvii . 8; Acts xxvii . 3 . Sidon is nearly always mentioned along with Tyre—Jer. xxvii . 3, xxvii . 4; See also:

• EZRA (from a Hebrew word meaning " help ")
• EZRA, FOURTH BOOK (or APOCALYPSE) OF
• EZRA, THIRD BOOK OF [I Esdras]

Ezra iii .

7; See also:

• JOEL
• JOEL, MANUEL (1826–189o)

Joel iii . 4; See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

Mark iii . 8 and See also:

• LUKE
• LUKE, GOSPEL OF ST

Luke vi . 17; Mark vii . 24, 31, and Matt. xv . 21; Matt. xi . 21 and Luke x . 13 f.; Acts xii . 20 . In the Old Testament, as frequently in Greek literature, " Sidonians " is used not in a See also:

• LOCAL

local but in an ethnic sense, and means " Phoenicians," hence the name of Sidon was See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar to the Greeks earlier than that of Tyre, though the latter was the more important city (ed . See also:

• MEYER, CHRISTIAN ERICH HERMANN VON (18or-1869)
• MEYER, HEINRICH AUGUST WILHELM (1800-1873)
• MEYER, JULIUS LOTHAR (183o-1895)
• MEYER, KONRAD FERDINAND (1825-1898)
• MEYER, VICTOR (1848-1897)
• MEYER, [MARIE] PAUL HYACINTHE (184o- )

Meyer, Encycl . Bibl. See also:

• COL
• COL (Fr. for " neck," Lat. collum)

col .

4505) . See See also:

• ROBINSON, EDWARD (1794–1863)
• ROBINSON, HENRY CRABB (1777–1867)
• ROBINSON, JOHN (1575–1625)
• ROBINSON, JOHN (1650-1723)
• ROBINSON, JOHN THOMAS ROMNEY (1792–1882)
• ROBINSON, MARY [" Perdita "] (1758–1800)
• ROBINSON, SIR JOHN BEVERLEY, BART
• ROBINSON, SIR JOSEPH BENJAMIN (1845– )
• ROBINSON, THEODORE (1852-1896)

Robinson, Bibl . Res. ii . 478 ff . ; See also:

• PRUTZ, HANS (1843– )
• PRUTZ, ROBERT EDUARD (1816-1872)

Prutz, Aus Phonicien (1876), 98 ff.; Pietschmann, Gesch. d . Phonizier (1889), 53-58; Hamdy See also:

• BEY (a modern Turk. word, the older form being beg, cf. Pers. baig)

Bey and T . See also:

• REINACH, JOSEPH (1856- )

Reinach, Necropole royale a Sidon (1892–1896) ; A . Socin in See also:

• BAEDEKER, KARL (1801–1859)

Baedeker, See also:

• PAL, KRISTO DAS (1839–1884)

Pal. u . Syrien . (G . A .