See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

ANTONIO JOSE DA See also:

• ANTONIO JOSE DA SILVA (1705–1739)

SILVA (1705–1739)  , Portuguese dramatist, known as " the See also:

• JEW, THE WANDERING

Jew," was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Rio de Janeiro, but came to See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of eight . His parents, Joao Mendes da See also:

• SILVA, ANTONIO JOSE DA (1705–1739)

Silva and Louren9a Coutinho, were descended from Portuguese See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews who had emigrated to See also:

• BRAZIL
• BRAZIL, or BRASIL

Brazil to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape the See also:

• INQUISITION, THE (Lat. inquisitio, an inquiry)

Inquisition, butin 1702 that tribunal began to persecute the Marranos in Rio, and in See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1712 Louren9a Coutinho See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell a victim . Her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband and See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children accompanied her to Portugal, where she figured among the " reconciled " in the auto-da-fe of the 9th of See also:

• JULY

July 1713, after undergoing the torment only . Her husband, having then acquired a fixed See also:

• DOMICILE (Lat. domicilium, from domus, home)

domicile in See also:

• LISBON (Lisboa)

Lisbon, settled down to advocacy with success, and he was able to send See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

Antonio to the university of See also:

• COIMBRA

Coimbra, where he matriculated in the See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty of See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law . In 1726 Antonio was suddenly imprisoned along with his See also:

• MOTHER

mother on the 8thof See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August; on the 16th he suffered the first interrogation, and on the 23rd of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September he was put to the torment, with the result that three See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks later he could not sign his name . He confessed to having followed the practices of the See also:

• MOSAIC (corresponding to Lat. opus musivum, from Gr. µovoeiov, an artificial grotto often decorated with mosaics; the word is only found in the sense of mosaic in late Greek, which generally uses k oXI yrlµa)

Mosaic law, and this saved his See also:

• LIFE

life . He went through the See also:

• GREAT

great auto-da fe held on the 23rd of October in the presence of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John V. and his See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, abjured his errors, and was set at See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty . His mother was only released from See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison in October 1729, after she had undergone See also:

• TORTURE (from Lat. torquere, to twist)

torture and figured as a penitent in another auto-da fe . Meanwhile Antonio had gone back to Coimbra, and See also:

• FINISHING

finishing his course in 1728–1729 he returned to Lisbon and became associated with his See also:

• FATHER

father as an See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate . He found an ignorant and corrupt society ruled by an immoral yet fanatical monarch, who wasted millions on unprofitable buildings though the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country was almost without roads and the See also:

• PEOPLE

people had become the most backward in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . As his plays show, the spectacle struck Antonio's observation, but he had to criticize with caution . He produced his first See also:

• PLAY

play or See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

opera in 1733, and the next See also:

• YEAR

year he married a See also:

• COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and familiar abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
• COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
• COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

cousin, D .

Leonor Maria de Carvalho, whose parents had been burnt by the Inquisition, while she herself had gone through an auto-da fe in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain and been exiled on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of her See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion . A daughter was born to them in 1734, but the years of their happiness and of Silva's dramatic career were few, for on the 5th of October 1737 husband and wife were both imprisoned on the See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of " judaizing." A slave of theirs had denounced them to the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

Office, and though the details of the See also:

• ACCUSATION (Lat. accusatio, accusare, to challenge to a causa, a suit or trial at law)

accusation against them seem trivial and even contradictory, Antonio. was condemned to See also:

• DEATH

death . On the 18th - of October he was beheaded and his See also:

• BODY

body burnt in an auto-da fe'; that same See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day one of his popular operettas was given at a Lisbon See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre . His dramatic See also:

• WORKS

works, which were produced at the Bairro See also:

• ALTO (Ital. for " high ")

Alto theatre between 1733 and 1738, include the following comedies, all played by See also:

• MARIONETTES (probably from Ital. morio, a fool or buffoon, but also said to be derived from the mariolettes, or little figures of the Virgin Mary), FANTOCCINI (from fantino, a child)

marionettes: D . Quixote (1733), Esopaida (1734), Os Encantos de See also:

• MEDEA (Gr. Mi/Seta)

Medea (1735), Amphitriio (May 1736), Labyrintho de Creta (See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1736), Guerras do Alecrim e Mangerona (See also:

• CARNIVAL (Med. Lat. carnelevarium, from taro, tarns, flesh, and levare, to lighten or put aside; the derivation from valere, to say farewell, is unsupported)

carnival of 1737), As Variedades de Proteo (May 1737) and Precipicio de Faetonte (1738) . Slight as these sketches are, they show considerable dramatic See also:

• TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent and an Aristophanic wit . The characters are well See also:

• DRAWN

drawn and the See also:

• DIALOGUE

dialogue full of comic strength, the scenes knit together and the See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot skilfully worked out . Moreover Silva possessed a knowledge of stagecraft, and, if he had lived, he might have emancipated the See also:

• DRAMA (literally "action," from Gr. Snail, act or do)

drama in Portugal from its dependence on See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign writers; but the triple See also:

• LICENCE (through the French from Lat. licentia, licere, to be lawful)

licence of the See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

Palace, the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

Ordinary and the Inquisition, which a play required, crippled spontaneity and freedom . Even so, he showed some boldness in exposing types of the prevailing charlatanism and follies, though his liberty of speech is far less than that of Gil See also:

• VICENTE, GIL (147o-1540)

Vicente (q.v.) . His comedies give a truthful and interesting picture of 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century society, especially his best See also:

• COMEDY

comedy, the Alecrim e Mangerona, in which he treats of the fidalgo pobre, a type fixed by Gil Vicente and Francisco Manoel de Mello (q.v.) . His works See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title " operas " because, though written mainly in See also:

• PROSE

prose, they contain songs which Silva introduced in See also:

• IMITATION (Lat. imitatio, from intitari, to imitate)

imitation of the true operas which then held the See also:

• FANCY (a shortened form, dating from the 15th century, of " fantasy," which is derived through the O. Fr. fantasie, modern fantaisie. from the Latinized form of the Gr. cbavraoia, Oavrai'ecv, Oat Pais, to show)

fancy of the public . He was also a lyric poet of real merit, combining correctness of See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form with a See also:

• PRETTY

pretty See also:

• INSPIRATION (Lat. inspirare, breathe upon or into)

inspiration and real feeling .

His plays were published in the first two volumes of a collection entitled Theatro comico portuguez, which went through at least five See also:

• EDITIONS

editions in the 18th century, while the Alecrim e Mangerona appeared separately in some seven editions . This comedy and the D . Quixote have been reprinted in a See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical edition with a life of Silva by Dr Mendes dos See also:

• REMEDIOS, or SAN JUAN DE LOS REMEDIOS

Remedios (Coimbra, 1905) . See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand See also:

• DENIS (DIoNysms), SAINT
• DENIS, JOHANN NEPOMUK COSMAS MICHAEL (1729-1800)

Denis, in his Chefs-d'ceuvre du theatre portugais (pp . 365-496, See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1823), prints liberal extracts, with a See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation, from the See also:

• VIDA, MARCO GIROLAMO (c. 1489-1566)

Vida de D . Quixote, and F . See also:

• WOLF
• WOLF (Canis lupus)
• WOLF, FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1759-1824)
• WOLF, HUGO (1860-1903)
• WOLF, JOSEPH (1820-1899)

Wolf likewise gives selections from Silva's various compositions . Silva is the subject also of several laudatory poems and dramas, one or two of which were composed by Brazilian compatriots . See Dr Theophilo See also:

• BRAGA

Braga, Historia do theatro portuguez; a baixa comedia e a opera (See also:

• OPORTO (i.e. o Porto, " the port ")

Oporto, 1871); F . Wolf, Dom Antonio Jose da Silva (See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, 186o) ; Ernest See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David, See also:

• LES

Les Operas du juif Antonio Jose da Silva, 1705—1939 (Paris, 188o); Oliveira See also:

• LIMA

Lima, Aspectos de litteratura colonial Bratileira (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1896) ; Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. xi. p . 341; G . A .

Kohnt, " Bibliography of Works See also:

• RELATING

relating to Antonio Jose da Silva and Bibliography of See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don Antonio's Compositions " in the Publ . Am . Jew . Hist . See also:

• SOC

Soc . No . 4, p . 181; idem, " Martyrs of the Inquisition in See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• AMERICA

America," ib. p . 135; M . Grunwald, " Jose da Silva " in Monatsschrift (1880), See also:

• XXIX

xxix. p . 241 . (E .