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JOHN GRAVES SIMCOE (1752-1806)

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 121 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOHN See also:GRAVES See also:SIMCOE (1752-1806)  , See also:British soldier and first See also:lieutenant-See also:governor of Upper See also:Canada, was See also:born at See also:Cotter-stock, See also:Northumberland, See also:England, on the 25th of See also:February 1752 . His See also:father, See also:John See also:Simcoe, who was a See also:captain in the Royal See also:Navy, died in 1759, and his only See also:brother was drowned in See also:early youth . During Simcoe's childhood the See also:family removed to See also:Exeter . He was sent to See also:Eton at the See also:age of fourteen, and three years later entered Merton See also:College, See also:Oxford . After two years of college See also:life, he became See also:ensign in the 35th See also:regiment, first seeing active service at See also:Boston in 1775, and remaining in See also:America during the greater See also:part of the Revolutionary See also:War . In 1776 he secured command of the See also:Queen's Rangers with the See also:rank of See also:major . His military career in America ended with the surrender of See also:Cornwallis at See also:Yorktown (Oct . 19, 1781) . He returned to England on See also:parole, and for the next ten years divided his See also:time between See also:London and his family See also:estate in See also:Devon . In See also:December 1782 he married See also:Elizabeth Posthuma, only See also:child of See also:Colonel See also:Thomas Gwillim of Old See also:Court, See also:Herefordshire . In 1790 he was elected member of See also:parliament for St Mawes in See also:Cornwall, and at the See also:close of his first session was appointed lieutenant-governor of the new See also:province of Upper Canada created under the Constitutional See also:Act of 1791 . He reached See also:Kingston, Upper Canada, on the 1st of See also:July 1792 .

There the first See also:

council was assembled, the See also:government of the new province proclaimed, and the oaths of See also:office taken . Immediately afterwards preparations were made for the See also:election of the first See also:house of See also:assembly, which opened at See also:Newark near the mouth of the See also:Niagara See also:river, on the 17th of See also:September 1792 . Simcoe's ideas of colonial government were dominated by military and aristocratic conceptions quite unsuited to the See also:pioneer conditions of Upper Canada . Thus, while his See also:administration was characterized by the most dis- ecclesiastical See also:body. interested devotion to what he conceived to be for the best interests of the province, it was rendered ineffective by the impracticable See also:character of his projects and the See also:friction which See also:developed between himself and See also:Lord See also:Dorchester, the governor-See also:general . He See also:left Canada in September 1796, and was immediately afterwards sent on a See also:mission to See also:San Domingo, from which, however, he returned in a few months on See also:account of See also:ill-See also:health . In See also:October 1798 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general, and appointed colonel of the 22nd See also:foot . During 'Soo--18ot he was in command at See also:Plymouth . Desiring more active service, he was designated See also:commander-in-See also:chief for See also:India to succeed Lord See also:Lake, but before taking the See also:appointment his health See also:broke and he died at Exeter on the 26th of October 18o6 . See D . C . See also:Scott, John See also:Graves Si-woe (1905) .

End of Article: JOHN GRAVES SIMCOE (1752-1806)
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