SIMLA  , a

town and district in British India, in the Delhi division of the Punjab . The town is the summer residence of the viceroy and staff of the supreme government, and also of the Punjab government . It is 58 m. by cart-road from the railway station of Kalka, which is 1116 m. from Calcutta . A metre-gauge railway, 68 m. long, was opened from Kalka to Simla in 1903 . The population in 1901 was 13,960, but that was only the winter population, and the summer census of 1904 returned the number of 35,250 . The sanatorium of Simla occupies a spur of the lower Himalaya, running E. and W. for about 6 m . The ridge culminates at the E. in the eminence of Jakko, in the vicinity of which bungalows are most numerous; the viceregal lodge stands on Observatory Hill . The E. of the station is known as Chota Simla and the W. as Boileauganj . The situation is one of great beauty; and the houses, built separately, lie at elevations between 6600 and 8000 ft. above sea-level . To the N., a beautiful wooded spur, branching from the main ridge, is known as Elysium . Three miles W. is the cantonment of Jutogh . The minor sanatoria of Kasauli .

Sabathu, Dagshai and

Solon lie some distance to the S . The first European house at Simla was built in 1819, and the place was first visited by a governor-general in 1827 . It has gradually chronicler, embraced the monastic life before the year ro83 in the monastery of Jarrow; but only made his profession at a later date, after he had removed with the rest of his community to Durham . He was author of two historical works which are particularly valuable for northern affairs . He composed his Historia ecclesiae Dunelmensis, extending to the year 1096, at some date between 1104 and IIo8 . The original manuscript is at Durham in the library of Bishop Cosin . It is divided into four books, which are subdivided into chapters; the order of the narrative is chronological . There are two continuations, both anonymous . The first carries the history from Io96 to the death of Ranulf Flambard (1129); the second extends from 1133 to 1144 . A Cambridge MS. contains a third continuation covering the years 1141-11J4 . About 1129 Simeon undertook to write a Historia regum Anglorum et Dacorum . This begins at the point where the Ecclesiastical History of Bede ends .

Up to 957 Simeon merely copies some old Durham

annals, not otherwise preserved, which are of value for northern history; from that point to 1119 he copies Florence of Worcester with certain interpolations . The section dealing with the years 1119–1129 is, however, an independent and practically contemporaneous narrative . Simeon writes, for his time, with ease and perspicuity; but his chief merit is that of a diligent collector and copyist . Other writings have been attributed to his pen, but on no good authority . They are printed, along with his undoubted works, in the Scriptores decem of Roger Twysden (1652) . The most complete modern edition is that of Thomas Arnold (" Rolls " series, 2 vols., 1882-1885) . The value of the " Northumbrian Annals," which Simeon used for the Historia regum, has been discussed by J . H . Hinde in the preface to his Symeonis Dunelmensis opera, vol. i. pp. xiv . If . (1868); by R . Pauli in Forschungen zur deutschen Geschichte, xii. pp .

137 sqq . (

Gottingen, 1872); and by W . Stubbs in the introduction to Roger of Hoveden, vol. i. p. x . (" Rolls " series) . Simeon's works have been translated by J . Stevenson in his Church Historians of,England, vol. iii. part ii . (1855) . (H . W . C .