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See also:SIMONIDES OF See also:CEOS (c. 556-469 B.C.) , See also:Greek lyric poet, was See also:born at Iulis in the See also:island of See also:Ceos . During his youth he taught See also:poetry and See also:music in his native island, and composed paeans for the festivals of See also:Apollo . Finding little See also:scope for his abilities at See also:home, he went to live at See also:Athens, at the See also:court of See also:Hipparchus, the See also:patron of literature . After the See also:murder of Hipparchus (514), See also:Simonides withdrew to See also:Thessaly, where he enjoyed the See also:protection and patronage of the Scopadae and Aleuadae (two celebrated Thessalian families) . An interesting See also:story is told of the termination of his relations with the Scopadae . On a certain occasion he was reproached by See also:Scopas for having allotted too much space to the Dioscuri in an See also:ode celebrating the victory of his patron in a See also:chariot-See also:race . Scopas refused topay all the See also:fee and told Simonides to apply to the Dioscuri for the See also:remainder . The incident took See also:place at a banquet . Shortly afterwards, Simonides was told that two See also:young men wished to speak to him; after he had See also:left the banqueting See also:room, the roof See also:fell in and crushed Scopas and his guests (See also:Cicero, De oratore, ii . 86) . There seems no doubt that some disaster overtook the Scopadae, which resulted in the extinction of the See also:family . After the See also:battle of See also:Marathon Simonides returned to Athens, but soon left for See also:Sicily at the invitation of See also:Hiero, at whose court he spent the See also:rest of his See also:life . His reputation as a See also:man of learning is shown by the tradition that he introduced the distinction between the See also:long and See also:short vowels (e, ,l, o, w), afterwards adopted in the Ionic See also:alphabet which came into See also:general use during the archonship of Eucleides (403) . He was also the inventor of a See also:system of See also:mnemonics (See also:Quintilian xi . 2, II) . So unbounded was his popularity that he was a See also:power even in the See also:political See also:world; we are told that he reconciled Thero and Hiero on the See also:eve of a battle between their opposing armies . He was the intimate friend of Themistodes and See also:Pausanias the Spartan, and his poems on the See also:war of liberation against See also:Persia no doubt gave a powerful impulse to the See also:national patriotism . For his poems he could command almost any See also:price: later writers, from See also:Aristophanes onwards, accuse him of avarice, probably not without some See also:reason . To Hiero's See also:queen, who asked him whether it was better to be born See also:rich or a See also:genius, he replied " Rich, for genius is ever found at the See also:gates of the rich." Again, when someone asked him to write a laudatory poem for which he offered profuse thanks, but no See also:money, Simonides replied that he kept two coffers, one for thanks, the. other for money; that, when he opened them, he found the former empty and useless, and the latter full . Of his poetry we possess two or three short elegies (Fr . 85 seems from its See also:style and versification to belong to Simonides of Amorgos, or at least not to be the See also:work of our poet), several epigrams and about ninety fragments of lyric poetry . The epigrams written in the usual See also:dialect of See also:elegy, Ionic with an epic colouring, were in-tended partly for public and partly for private monuments . There is strength and sublimity in the former, with a simplicity that is almost statuesque, and a See also:complete mastery over the See also:rhythm and forms of elegiac expression . Those on the heroes of Marathon and See also:Thermopylae are the most celebrated .
In the private epigrams there is more warmth of See also:colour and feeling, but few of them rest on any better authority than that of the See also:Palatine See also:anthology
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One interesting and undoubtedly genuine See also:epigram of this class is upon Archedice, the daughter of Hippias the Peisistratid, who, " albeit her See also:father and See also:husband and See also:brother and See also:children were all princes, was not lifted up in soul to See also:pride." The lyric fragments vary much in See also:character and length : one is from a poem on Artemisium, celebrating those who fell at Thermopylae, with which he gained the victory over See also:Aeschylus; another is an ode in See also:honour of Scopas (commented on in See also:Plato, See also:Protagoras, 339 b) ; the rest are from odes on victors in the See also:games, hyporchemes, dirges, See also:hymns to the gods and other varieties
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The poem on Thermopylae is reverent and See also:sublime, breathing an exalted patriotism and a lofty national pride; the others are full of See also:tender pathos and deep feeling, combined with a genial worldliness
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For Simonides requires no See also:standard of lofty unswerving rectitude
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" It is hard," he says (Fr
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5), " to become a truly See also:good man, perfect as a square in hands and feet and mind, fashioned without blame
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Whosoever is See also:bad, and not too wicked, knowing See also:justice, the benefactor of cities, is a See also:sound man
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I for one will find no See also:fault with him, for the race of See also:fools is See also:infinite
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I praise and love all men who do no See also:sin willingly; but with See also:necessity even the gods do not contend." Virtue, he tells us elsewhere in See also:language that recalls See also:Hesiod, is set on a high and difficult See also: Yet Simomdes is far from being a hedonist; his morality, no less than his See also:art, is pervaded by that virtue for which Ceos was renowned—awcbpoobv,1 or self-See also:restraint . His most celebrated fragment is a See also:dirge, in which See also:Danae, adrift with the See also:infant See also:Perseus on the See also:sea in a dark and stormy See also:night, takes comfort from the peaceful slumber of her babe . Simonides here illustrates his own saying that '' poetry is vocal See also:painting, as painting is silent poetry." Of the many See also:English See also:translations of this poem, one of the best is that by J . A . See also:Symonds in Studies on the Greek Poets . Fragments in T . See also:Bergk, Poetae lyrici Graeci; standard edition by F . G . See also:Schneidewin (1835) and of the See also:Dana alone by H . L . See also:Ahrens (1853) . Other authorities are given in the exhaustive See also:treatise of E . Cesati, Simonide di Ceo (1882) ; see also W . See also:Schroter, De Simonidis See also:Ces melici sermone (1906) . See also:SIMON'S See also:TOWN, a See also:gown and station of the See also:British See also:navy in the Cape See also:province, See also:South See also:Africa, in 340 15' S., 18° 30' E., on the shores of Simon's See also:Bay, an inlet on the See also:west See also:side of False Bay . It is 222 M . S. of Cape Town by See also:rail and 17 M . N. of Cape Point (the Cape of Good See also:Hope) . Apart from the See also:naval station the town (pop . 1904, 6642) is an educational and residential centre, enjoying an excellent See also:climate with a mean minimum temperature of 57° and a mean maximum of 700 F . Owing to the See also:influence of the See also:Mozambique current the temperature of the See also:water in the bay is 1o' to 12° F. higher than that of Table Bay, hence Simon's Town and other places along the shores of False Bay are favourite bathing resorts . The naval See also:establishment is the headquarters of the See also:East See also:India and Cape See also:Squadron . In 190o the yard covered about 13 acres, exclusive of the victualling establishment and naval See also:hospital, and was provided with a small See also:camber, slipways for See also:torpedo-boats and small vessels, together with various dockyard buildings, storehouses, See also:coal stores, &c., but had no dry See also:dock or deep-water See also:wharf . Under the Naval See also:Works See also:Loan See also:Act of 1899 £2,500,000 was provided for the construction of additional docks east of the See also:original naval yard .
These works were begun in 1900 and completed in 1910
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They consist of a tidal See also:basin 28 acres in extent, with a See also:depth of 3o ft. at See also:low-water See also:spring tides, enclosed by a See also:breakwater on the eastern and See also:northern sides and a similar projecting See also:arm or See also:pier on the west
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The entrance to the basin faces See also:north-See also:westerly, and is 300 ft. in width
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South of the basin is a large reclaimed See also:area forming the site of the new dockyard
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Opening from the basin is a dry dock, 75o ft. in length on blocks, with an entrance 95 ft. wide and having 3o ft. over the See also:sill at low-water spring tides
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The See also:foundation See also: False Bay, which corresponds on the south to Table Bay on the north side of Table See also:Mountain, is a spacious inlet which has an See also:average depth of from 15 to 20 fathoms, and is completely sheltered on all sides except towards the south . Here a whole See also:fleet of the largest vessels can ride at See also:anchor . Defensive works protect the entrance to the bay . Simon's Town See also:dates from the See also:close of the 17th See also:century, the town and bay being named after Simon See also:van der Stell, See also:governor of the Cape in 1679-1699 . It was at Simon's Town that the first British landing in Cape See also:Colony was made by General See also:Sir fames See also:Craig in 1795 . About 1810 the bay was selected as the See also:base for the South See also:African squadron, Table Bay being abandoned for that purpose in consequence of its exposed position . |
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