See also:

• SIPHON, or SYPHON (Lat. sipho; Gr. vi4xov, a tube)

SIPHON, or SYPHON (See also:

• LAT

Lat. sipho; Gr. vi4xov, a See also:

• TUBE (Lat. tuba)

tube)  , an See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument, usually in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a See also:

• BENT
• BENT (E1. BENI)
• BENT, JAMES THEODORE (1852–1897)

bent See also:

• TUBE (Lat. tuba)

tube, for conveying liquid over the edge of a See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel and delivering it at a See also:

• LOWER

lower level . The See also:

• ACTION

action depends upon the difference of the pressure on the liquid at the extremities of the tube, the flow being towards the lower level and ceasing when the levelseoincide . The instrument affords a ready method of transferring liquids . The tube is made of See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass, indiarubber, See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper or See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead, according to the liquid which is to be transferred . The See also:

• SIMPLE

simple See also:

• SIPHON, or SYPHON (Lat. sipho; Gr. vi4xov, a tube)

siphon is used by filling it with the liquid to be decanted, closing the longer See also:

• LIMB

limb with the See also:

• FINGER

finger and plunging the shorter into the liquid; and it must be filled for each See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of using . Innumerable forms have been devised adapted for all purposes, and provided with arrangements for filling the tube, or for keeping it full and starting it into action automatically when required . Pipes conveying the See also:

• WATER

water of an See also:

• AQUEDUCT (Lat. aqua, water, and ducere, to lead; Gr. apaymryeiov, apayeeywov, vlrovopos)

aqueduct across a valley and following the See also:

• CONTOUR

contour of the sides are sometimes called siphons, though they do not depend on the principle of the above instrument . In the siphon the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white alimentary See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal, crowded with mud . The mouth is devoid of See also:

• ARMATURE (from Lat. armatura, armour)

armature, and passes without break into the See also:

• OESOPHAGUS (Gr. o'lvca=I will carry, and r/)ayeiv, to eat)

oesophagus; this is surrounded by the retractor muscles, which are inserted into the skin around the mouth, and have their origin in the See also:

• BODY

body-See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall, usually about one-third or one-See also:

• HALF

half of the body-length from the anterior end (See also:

• FIGS

figs. t and 2) . Their See also:

• FUNCTION

function is to retract the introvert, which is protruded again by the contraction of the circular muscles of the skin; these, compressing the fluid of the body-cavity, force forward the anterior edge of the introvert . The number of muscles varies from one (Onchnesoma and Tylosoma) to four, the latter being very See also:

• COMMON

common . The alimentary canal is U-shaped, the dorsal limb of the U terminating in the anus, situated not very far from the level of the origin of the retractor muscles .

The limbs of the U are further See also:

• TWISTED

twisted together in a looser or tighter coil, the See also:

• AXIS (Lat. for " axle ")

axis of which may be traversed by a " spindle muscle arising from the posterior end of the body . No glands open into the alimentary canal, but a diverticulum, which varies enormously in See also:

• SIZE

size, opens into the rectum . As is so often the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case with animals which eat mud and See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand, and See also:

• EXTRACT (from Lat. extrahere, to draw out)

extract what little nutriment is afforded by the organic debris therein, the walls of the alimentary canal are thin and apparently weak . All along one See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side is a microscopic ciliated groove, into which the mud does not seem to enter, and along which a continuous stream of water may be kept up . Possibly this is See also:

• RESPIRATORY

respiratory—there are no See also:

• SPECIAL

special respiratory See also:

• ORGANS

organs . A so-called See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart lies on the dorsal See also:

• SURFACE

surface of the oesophagus; it is closed behind, but in front it opens into a circumoesophagealring, which gives off vessels into the lophophore and tentacles . The contraction of this heart, which is not rhythmic, brings about the expansion of the tentacles and lophophore . This See also:

• SYSTEM

system is in no true sense a vascular system ; there are no capillaries, and the fluid it contains, which is corpusculated, can hardly have a respiratory or nutritive function . It is simply a hydrostatic mechanism for expanding the tentacles . The excretory organs are surface of the tube is See also:

• PRO

pro- longed into a large See also:

• SAC

sac lined with glandular excretory cells . The organs are typi- cally two, though one is often absent, e.g. in Phas- colion . They serve as channels by which the re-productive cells leave theminute circular nerves, which run See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the body in the skin and break up into a very See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• NERVE (Lat. nervus, Gr. vevpov, a bowstring)

nerve plexus .

There are no distinct ganglia, but ganglion cells are uniformly distributed along the ventral side of the See also:

• CORD (derived through the Fr. corde, from the Lat. chorda, Gr. xop(5rt, the string of a musical instrument)

cord . The whole is anteriorly somewhat loosely slung to the skin, so as to allow See also:

• FREE

free See also:

• PLAY

play when the See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal is extending or retracting its introvert . A See also:

• PIT (O. E. pytt, cognate with Du. put, Ger. Pfutze, &c., all ultimately adaptations of Lat. puteus, well, formed from root pu-, to cleanse, whence gurus, clean, pure)

pit or depression, known as " the cerebral See also:

• ORGAN

organ,' opens into the See also:

• BRAIN (A.S. braegen)

brain just above the mouth; this usually divides into two limbs, which are deeply pigmented and have been called eyes . Sipunculoids are dioecious, and the ova and spermatozoa are formed from the modified cells lining the body-cavity, which are heaped up into a See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

ridge See also:

• RUNNING

running along the See also:

• LINE

line of origin of the retractor muscles . The ova and the See also:

• MOTHER

mother-cells of the spermatozoa break off from this ridge, and increase in size considerably in the fluid of the body-cavity . Fertilization is See also:

• EXTERNAL

external ; and in about three days a small ciliated larva, not unlike that of the Echiuroids, but with no trace of segmentation, emerges from the See also:

• EGG (O.E. aeg, cf. Ger. Ei, Swed. aegg, and prob. Gr. u,ov, Lat. ovum)
• EGG, AUGUSTUS LEOPOLD (1816-1863)

egg-See also:

• SHELL
• SHELL (O. Eng. scell, scyll, cf. Du. sceel, shell, Goth. skalja, tile; the word means originally a thin flake,. cf. Swed. skalja, to peel off; it is allied to " scale " and " skill," from a root meaning to cleave, divide, separate)

shell . This little creature, which has many of the features of a Trochosphere larva, swims about at the surface of the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea for about a See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month and grows rapidly . At the end of this time it undergoes a rapid See also:

• METAMORPHOSIS

metamorphosis: a, See also:

• FUNNEL (through an O. Fr. founil, found in Breton, from Lat. infundibulum, that through which anything is poured, from fundere, to pour)

Funnel-shaped grooved tentacular See also:

• CROWN

crown leading to the mouth . b, Oesophagus . c, Strands breaking up the cavity of the tentacular crown into vascular spaces . it loses many of its larval organs, See also:

• CILIA (plural of Lat. cilium, eyelash)

cilia, takes in a quantity of water into its body-cavity, sinks to the bottom of the sea, and begins See also:

• LIFE

life in its final form . The following genera of Sipunculoids are recognized:—(i.) Sipunculus .

This, with Physcosoma, has its See also:

• LONGITUDINAL

longitudinal muscles divided up into some 17-41 bundles . It has no skin papillae . The members of this genus attain a larger size than any other See also:

• SPECIES

species, and the genus contains some 16-17 species . (ii.) Physcosoma (fig . 3) has its body covered with papillae, and usually numerous rows of See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute hooks encircling the introvert . It is the most numerous genus, and consists for the most See also:

• PART

part of shallow-water (less than 50 fathoms) tropical and subtropical forms . They of ten live in tubular burrowings in See also:

• CORAL

coral-See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock . The following three genera have their longitudinal muscles in a continuous sheath :—(iii.) Phascolosoma, with some 25 species, mostly small, with numerous tentacles . (iv.) Phascolion, 10 species, small, living in mollusc-shells and usually adopting the coiled shape of their See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house; only one See also:

• KIDNEY

kidney, the right, persists . (v.) Dendrostoma, with 4-6 tentacles, a small genus found in tropical shallow water . (vi.) Aspidosiphon, with 19 species, is easily distinguished by a calcareous See also:

• DEPOSIT (Lat. depositurn, from deponere, to lay down, to put in the care of)

deposit and thickened See also:

• SHIELD (0. Eng. scild, cf. Du. and Ger. Schild, Dan. Skjold; the origin is doubtful, but may be referred to the root seen in " shell " or " scale "; another suggestion connects it with Icel. skjalla, to clash, rattle; it is not connected with the Indo-Ger
• SHIELD, WILLIAM (1748—1829)

shield at the posterior end and at the See also:

• BASE

base of the introvert, which is See also:

• ECCENTRIC (from Gr. F,c, out of, and Kivrpov, centre)

eccentric . (vii.) Cloeosiphon has a calcareous See also:

• RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring, made up of See also:

• LOZENGE (from the Fr. losenge, or losange; the word also appears in Span. losanje, and Ital. losanga; perhaps derived from a word meaning a stone slab laid on a grave, which appears in forms such as Provencal lousa, Span. losa, the ultimate origin of whic

lozenge-shaped plates, round the base of its centric introvert .

(viii.) Petalostoma, a C a, Mouth . b, Ventral nerve-cord . c, " Heart." d, Oesophagus . e, See also:

• INTESTINE (Lat. intestinus, internal, usually in neuter plural intestina. from intus, within)

Intestine . f, Position of anus . g, Tuft-like organs . h, Right nephridium. r, Retractor muscles. j, Diverticulum on rectum . The body, and they are some- spindle-muscle is seen overlying times spoken of as " See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown the rectum. tubes." There is a well- See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed brain dorsal to the mouth; this gives off a pair of oesophageal commissures, which surround the oesophagus and unite in a median ventral nerve-cord which runs between the longitudinal muscles to the posterior end of the body . From time to time it gives off c', " Heart." d, Brain . e, Ventral, and e, dorsal re-tractor muscles . f, Ventral nerve-cord . g, Vascular spaces in tentacular crown .

minute form with two See also:

• LEAF (O. Eng. leaf, cf. Dutch loof, Ger. Laub, Swed. lof, &c.; possibly to be referred to the root seen in Gr. Ma-eta, to peel, strip)

leaf-like tentacles, is found in the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• SIR

SIR (Fr. sire, like sieur a variant of seigneur,1 from See also:

• LAT

Lat. See also:

• SENIOR, NASSAU WILLIAM (1790-1864)

senior, Channel . (ix.) Onchnesoma, with 2 species, and (x.) Tylosoma, with See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative of senex, " old "), a See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour . As a definite See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style it is now confined in the dominions of the See also:

• BRITISH

British crown to baronets, knights of the various orders, and knights See also:

• BACHELOR (from Med. Lat. baccalarius, with its late and rare variant baccalaris—cf. Ital. baccalare—through O. Fr. bacheler)

bachelor . It is never used with the surname only, being prefixed to the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian name of the See also:

• BEARER

bearer; e.g . Sir See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• JONES
• JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
• JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
• JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
• JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
• JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
• JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
• JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
• JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
• JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
• JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
• JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
• JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
• JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
• JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
• JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)

Jones . In formal written address, in the case of baronets the See also:

• ABBREVIATION (Lat. brevis, short)

abbreviation See also:

• BART, JEAN (1651-1702)

Bart, Bart. or Bt (See also:

• BARONET

baronet) is added after the surname,2 in the case of knights of any of the orders the letters indicating his style (K.G., K.C.B., &c.) . In conversation a See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight or baronet is addressed by the prefix and Christian name only (e.g . " Sir William ") . The prefix Sir, like the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French sire, was originally applied loosely to any See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person of position as a See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere honorific distinction (as the See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent of See also:

• DOMINUS (from an Indo-European root dam-, cf. Gr. Sapav, to subdue, and Eng. " tame ")

dominus, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord), as it still is in polite address, but See also:

• SELDEN, JOHN (1584–1654)

Selden (Titles of Honor, p . 643) points out that as a distinct title " pre- fixed to the Christian names in compellations and expressions of knights " its use " is very See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient," and that in the reign of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward I. it was " so much taken to be See also:

• PARCEL (Fr. parcelle, Ital. particella, Lat. particela, diminutive of pars, part)

parcel of their names " that the See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews in their documents merely transliterated it, instead of translating it by its See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew equivalent, as they would have done in the case of e.g. the Latin form dominus . How much earlier this See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom originated it is difficult to say, owing to the See also:

• AMBIGUITY (Fr. ambiguite, med. Lat. ambiguitas, from Lat. ambiguus, doubtful; ambi, both ways, agere, to drive)

ambiguity of extant documents, which are mainly in Latin . Much See also:

• LIGHT

light is, however, thrown upon the See also:

• MATTER

matter by the See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman-French poem See also:

• GUILLAUME
• GUILLAUME, JEAN BAPTISTE CLAUDE EUGENE (1822-1905)

Guillaume le Mareschal,3 which was written See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the 13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century .

In this Sire is obviously used in the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general sense mentioned above, i.e. as a title of honour applicable tc all men of See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank, whether royal princes or simple knights . The French See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's son is " Sire Loeis " (1 . 17741), the English king's son is Sire See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard li filz le roi " (1 . 17376) ; the See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal himself is " Sire Johan li Mareschals " (17014) . We also find such notable names as " Sire See also:

• HUBERT (HUCBERTUS, HUGBERTUS), ST (d. 727)

Hubert de Burc " (ll . 17308, 17357) and " Sire See also:

• HUE

Hue de See also:

• BIGOT

Bigot " 1 species, have no tentacles, only one brown tube, and only one retractor muscle . Both genera are found off the See also:

• NORWEGIAN

Norwegian See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast . The last named is said to have numerous papillae and no introvert . is "'st 1, Lophophore . 2, Pigmented pit leading to brain . 3, See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

Section of dorsal portion of mesoblastic " See also:

• SKELETON

skeleton." 4, Pit ending in See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

eye . 5, The brain .

6, See also:

• BLOOD

Blood-sinus of dorsal side surrounding brain and giving off branches to the tentacles . 7, See also:

• COLLAR

Collar . 8, Retractor muscle of See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head . 9, See also:

• HOOK, JAMES CLARKE (1819-1907)
• HOOK, THEODORE EDWARD (1788-1841)
• HOOK, WALTER FARQUHAR (1798-1875)

Hook . Io, Sense-organ . II, Nerve-ring . AurHoRIT1Es.—Selenka, " See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Sipunculiden," See also:

• SEMPER, GOTTFRIED (1803–1879)

Semper's Reisen (1883), and Challenger Reports, xiii . (1885); Sluiter, Natuurk . Tijdschr . Nederl . Ind. xli. and following volumes; See also:

• ANDREWS, JAMES PETTIT (c. 1737–1797)
• ANDREWS, THOMAS (1813–1885)

Andrews, See also:

• STUD

Stud . Johns See also:

• HOPKINS, EDWARD WASHBURN (1857— )
• HOPKINS, ESEK (1718-18oz)
• HOPKINS, MARK (1802—1887)
• HOPKINS, SAMUEL (1721–1803)
• HOPKINS, WILLIAM (1793–1866)

Hopkins Univ. iv .

(1887–1890) ; See also:

• WARD
• WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
• WARD, ARTEMUS
• WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
• WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
• WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
• WARD, JAMES (1843– )
• WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
• WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
• WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
• WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
• WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)

Ward, See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

Bull . See also:

• MUS

Mus . Harvard, xxi . (1891); Hatschek, Arb . Inst . Wien, v . (1884) ; See also:

• SHIPLEY
• SHIPLEY, JONATHAN (1714-1788)

Shipley, Quart . J . Micr . Sci. xxxi . (189o), xxxii . (1891), and xxxiii .

(1892); P . Zool . See also:

• SOC

Soc . See also:

• LONDON

London (1898), and Willey's Zoological Results, pt . 2 (1899); See also:

• HORST

Horst, Niederland . See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

Arch . Zool., Supplementary, vol. i . (A . E .