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SIVAS (anc. Megalopolis-Sebasteia)

ERNESTO CAMILLO SIVORI (1815-1894)

SIWARD (d. 1055)

SKAGWAY (a native name said to mean " home of the north wind ")

PIOTR SKARGA (1532-1612)

SKATING (Dutch schaats, a skate)

WALTER WILLIAM SKEAT (1835– )

SIR WILLIAM SKEFFINGTON (c. 1465-1535)

SKELTON AND BROTTON

JOHN SKELTON (c. 1460-1529)

WILLIAM FORBES SKENE (1809–1892)

SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

SKI (pronounced " skee," Icel. scidh, snow -shoe, properly " piece of wood ")

SKIN AND EXOSKELETON

JAMES SKINNER (1778-1841)

JOHN SKINNER (1721-1807)

PHILIP SKIPPON (d. ,66o)

ADAM SKIRVING (1719-1803)

SKITTLES (from O. Eng. sceoten, to shoot)

MIKHAIL DIMITRIIVICH SKONELEV (1843-1882)

SKOPTSI (Russian sko pets, a eunuch)

PEDER SKRAM (c. 1500-1581)

SKUNK (probably derived from " Seecawk," the Cree name for the skunk; another form given is " seganku ")

SKY (M. Eng. skie, cloud; O. Eng. skua, shade; connected with an Indo-European root sku, cover, whence " scum," Lat. obscurus, dark, &c.)

FELIX SLADE (170o-1868)

SLATE (properly CLAY SLATE; in M. Eng. slat or sclat, from O. Fr. esclat, a small piece of wood used as a tile; esclater, to break into pieces, whence modern Fr. eclat, the root being seen also in Ger. schleissen, to split)

JOHN FOX SLATER (1815-1884)

SAMUEL SLATER (1768-1835)

SIR RUDOLF CARL VON SLATIN (18J7— )

SIR WILLIAM HENRY SLEEMAN (1788-1856)

SLEEP (0. Eng. slcepan; Ger. schlafen; cf. Lat. labi, to glide, and " slip ")

SLEET (either from Nor. sletta, of the same meaning, or related to Ger. Schlosse, hailstone)

SLEEVE (O. Eng. slieve, slyf, a word allied to " slip," cf. Dutch sloof, apron)

JOHANNES SLEIDANUS (15o6-1556)

JOHN SLIDELL (1793-1871)

SLING (from M. Eng. slingen, to fling, throw with a jerk, Icel. slyngva, cf. Ger. schlingen, to twist)

SIR HANS SLOANE (1660-1753)

HENRY WARNER SLOCUM (1827-1894)

RENE MICHEL SLODTZ

SLOVAKS (Slovak, fern. Slovenka, adj. slovensk, formerly called Slovene, but to be distinguished from the Slovenes of Carinthia, in Magyar Tat)

to be distinguished from the Slovaks Ger. Winden SLOVENES [Slovenci (q.v.) and from the Slovinci (see KASHUBES) west of Danzig]

BATTLE OF SLUYS

SMALL INTESTINE

SMALLPDX, or VARIOLA (virus, " a pimple ")

GEORGE SMALRIDGE (1663-1719)

CHRISTOPHER SMART (1722-1771)

HENRY SMART (1813–1879)

JOHN SMART (c. 1740–1811)

SIR GEORGE THOMAS SMART (1776–1867)

JOHN SMEATON (1724–1792)

FRANCIS [FRANK] EDWARD SMEDLEY (1818-1864)

WILLIAM THOMAS SMEDLEY (1858– )

SMELL (connected etymologically with " smoulder " and " smoke ")

SMELT (Osmerus eperlanus; Fr. eperlan; Scotch sparling or spirling)

SMERDIS (Pers. Bardiya; by Ctesias, Pers. 8, called Tanyoxarces; by Xenophon, Cyrop. viii. 7. 11, who takes the name from Ctesias, Tanaoxares; by Justin i. 9, Mergis; in Aeschylus, Pers. 774, Mardos)

FRIEDRICH SMETANA (1824-1884)

SAMUEL SMILES (1812-1904)

JAMES DAVID SMILLIE (1833-1909)

ROBERT SMIRKE (1752-1845)

ADAM SMITH (1723–1790)

ALEXANDER SMITH (183o-1867)

ANDREW JACKSON SMITH (1815-1897)

CHARLES EMORY SMITH (1842–1908)

CHARLES FERGUSON SMITH (1807–1862)

CHARLOTTE SMITH (1749-1806)

COLVIN SMITH (1795—1875)

EDMUND KIRBY SMITH (1824-1893)

GEORGE SMITH (1789-1846)

GEORGE SMITH (184o-1876)

GEORGE ADAM SMITH (1856- )

GERRIT SMITH (1797–1874)

GOLDWIN SMITH (1823-191o)

HENRY BOYNTON SMITH (1815-1877)

HENRY JOHN STEPHEN SMITH (1826-1883)

HENRY PRESERVED SMITH (1847– )

JAMES SMITH (1775–1839)

JOHN SMITH (1579-1631)

JOHN RAPHAEL SMITH (1752–1812)

JR JOSEPH SMITH

MORGAN LEWIS SMITH (1822–1874)

RICHARD BAIRD SMITH (1818-1861)

ROBERT SMITH (1689-1768)

SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN SMITH

SIR THOMAS SMITH (1513-1577)

SIR WILLIAM SMITH (1813-1893)

SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY SMITH (1764-1840)

SYDNEY SMITH (1771-1845)

THOMAS SOUTHWOOD SMITH (1788-1861)

WILLIAM SMITH (1769-1839)

WILLIAM SMITH (c. 1730-1819)

WILLIAM SMITH (fl. 1596)

WILLIAM FARRAR SMITH (1824—1903)

WILLIAM HENRY SMITH (1808—1872)

WILLIAM HENRY SMITH (1825—1891)

WILLIAM ROBERTSON SMITH (1846-'894)

HENRIETTA CONSTANCE SMITHSON (1800-1854)

JAMES SMITHSON (1765-1829)

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

SMOHALLA, or SHMOQUALA (i.e. " preacher ")

SMOKE (from O. Eng. smeocan, to smoke, reek, cf. Dutch meek, Ger. Schmauch, probably allied to Gr. vol9caiv)

PEREZ [PETER] SMOLENSKIN (1842-1885)

TOBIAS GEORGE SMOLLETT (1721-1771)

SMYBERT (or SMIBERT), JOHN (1684-1751)

SMYTH (or SMITH), JOHN (c. 1570-1612)

SMYTH (or SMITH), WILLIAM (c. 1460-1514)

SIR WARINGTON WILKINSON SMYTH (1817-1890)

SNAPDRAGON, or ANTIRRHINUM (Gr. Fis, ptvbs, snout, from the shape of the flower)

SNATT SWELL AT 6ECTIONS IN WANE OE DOUBLE

SNEEZING (0. Eng. fneosung, from fneosan, to sneeze, cf. Dutch fniezen, allied to the obsolete neeze, and ultimately to be referred to root seen in Gr. irveiv, to breathe; the initial s is due to association with numerous words, such as snort, snuff, snor

SNELL PLATING 5IRINOLR

HANNAH SNELL (1723–1992)

JOHN SNELL (1629-1679)

WILLEBRORD SNELL (1591-1626)

SNIP SNAP SNOREM

SNIPE (0. Eng. Spite, Icel. Snipe, Dutch Snip, Ger. Schnepfe)

COUNT CARL JOHAN GUSTAF SNOILSKY (1841-1903)

SNORRI STURLASON (1179-1241)

SNOW (in O. Eng. sndw; a common Indo-European word; cf. in Teutonic languages, Ger. Schnee, Du. sneeuw; in Slavonic snieg', Lith. snegas; Gr. vi4a, Lat. nix, nivis, whence the Romanic forms, Ital. neve, Fr. neige, &c.; Ir. and Gael. sneachd; the original

SNOWDON (Wyddfa, view-place, Eryri, eagle-place)

SNUFF (from " to snuff, " i.e. to inhale, to draw in through the nose; cf. Dutch snuf, scent, Ger. Schnupfen, a cold, catarrh, and Eng. " snuffle, " " sniff, " &c.)

FRANZ SNYDERS (1579-1657)

SIR JOHN SOANE (1753-1837)

SOCIAL CONTRACT

SOCIAL SETTLEMENTS

SOCIETIES OF INSTRUCTION AND POPULAR ENCOURAGEMENT

PRACTICE AND PROTECTION SOCIETIES OF SPECIAL STUDY

LEARNED SOCIETIES

SOCIETY ISLANDS (French Archipel de la Societe)

FREIHERR VON HERMANN SODEN (1852- )

PIERO SODERINI (1450-1513)

from Lat. natrium; atomic weight 23.00 SODIUM [symbol Na (0=16)]

SODOM AND GOMORRAH

IL SODOMA (1477-1549)

SOFFIONI (sometimes spelt suffioni)

SOFFIT (from Fr. soffite, Ital. soffitta, a ceiling, formed as if from su. fjictus for suff xus, Lat. suffigere, to fix underneath)

SOFIA (Bulgarian Sredetz, the middle town, a name now little used)

SOGDIANA (Sugdiane, O. Pers. Sughuda)

SOIGNIES (or SOIGNES, the Walloon form)

SOKE (0. Eng. soc, connected ultimately with secan, to seek)

SOKOTRA (also spelt Socotra and formerly Socotora)

SOLLER SOLAR (Lat. solarium, Fr.• galetas, Ital. solaio)

ANTONIO SOLARIO (c. 1382-1455)

SOLDER (derived through the French from Lat. soldare, to make solidus, firm)

SOLEMN (Lat. sollemnis, sollemnis, less correctly solennis, yearly, annual; from sollus = totus, whole, entire, Gr. Mos., and annus, year)

SOLEURE (Ger. Solothurn)

SOLI (mod. Mezetlii)

GAIUS JULIUS SOLINUS

SOLIPSISM (Lat. solus, alone, ipse, self)

ANTONIO DE SOLIS (1610-16S6)

SOLITAIRE (Fr. for " solitary ")

OR SOLO WHIST SOLO

SOLOGNE (Secalaunia from Lat. secale, rye)

SOLOMON ISLANDS (Ger., Salomoinseln)

ODES OF SOLOMON

PSALMS OF SOLOMON

SOLOMON1 (loth century B.C.)

SOLON (7th and 6th century n.c.)

SOLSTICE (Lat. solstitium, from sal, sun, and sistere, to stand still)

SOLUNTUM (Gr. EoX t or lath's)

SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

SOLUTRIAN EPOCH

SOMA (Sanskrit for " pressed juice," from the root su, to press)

JOHN SOMERS SOMERS (or SOMMERS), BARON (1651–1716)

EARLS AND DUKES OF SOMERSET

DUKE OF EDMUND BEAUFORT SOMERSET (c. 1404–1455)

DUKE OF EDWARD SEYMOUR SOMERSET (c. 1506–1552)

LORD ROBERT EDWARD HENRY SOMERSET (1776-1842)

ROBERT CARR SOMERSET (or KER), EARL OF (e. 1590-1645)

WILLIAM SOMERVILE (1675-1742)

MARY SOMERVILLE (178o-1872)

WILLIAM SOMMERS (d. 156o)

SOMNAMBULISM (from Lat. somnus, sleep, and ambulare, to walk)

SONATA (From Ital. sonare, to sound)

SURHAI SONRHAY SONGHOI

ADOLF VON SONNENTHAL (1834–1909)

SONNET (Ital. Sonetto, dim. of Suono, Fr. Sonnet)

BARON SIDNEY SONNINO (1847– )

SOOT (0. Eng. sot, cf. Icel. sot, Dan. sod; possibly from root sed, to sit)

SOPHIA (1630-1714)

SOPHIA ALEKSYEEVNA (1657-1704)

SOPHIA DOROTHEA (1666-1726)

SOPHISTS (from Gr. codtoris, literally, man of wisdom)

SOPHOCLES (495-406 B.c.)

SOPRANO (a variant of Ital. sovrano, supreme, sovereign, Late Lat. superanus, from super, above)

SOPRON (Ger. Oedenburg; Med. Lat. Sopronium)

AGNES SOREL (c. 1422-1450)

ALBERT SOREL (1842-1906)

SIEUR DE SOUVIGNY CHARLES SOREL (1597-1674)

JOAQUIN SOROLLA Y BASTIDA (1863– )

SORRENTO (anc. Surrentum, q.v.)

SOSITHEUS (c. 28o B.C.)

WILLIAM SOTHEBY (1757-1833)

EDWARD ASKEW SOTHERN (1826-1881)

Or HERNANDO] DE FERDINANDO [FERNANDO SOTO (1496?—1542)

SOU (O. Fr. sol, Lat, solidus, sc. nummus)

BENJAMIN DE ROHAN SOUBISE

COUNT JOSEPII SOUHAM (1760-1837)

JOSEPHIN [JOSEPH MARIE] SOULARY (1815—1891)

NICOLAS JEAN DE DIEU SOULT

ALEXANDRE SOUMET (1788-1845)

THE SOUND (Danish Oresund)

SOUNDING (for derivation see SOUND above)

SOURCES AND AUTHORITIES

SOURCES AND LITERATURE

SOURCES OF COMMERCIAL

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

SOUSLIK, or SUSLIK

SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA

SOUTH AUSTRALIA

SOUTH BETHLEHEM

SOUTH KANARA DISTRICT

SOUTH MELBOURNE

SOUTH SEA BUBBLE

ROBERT SOUTH (1634–1716)

SOUTHALL NORWOOD

EARL OF SOUTHAMPTON

3RD EARL OF HENRY WRIOTHESLEY SOUTHAMPTON (1J73—1624)

JOANNA SOUTHCOTT (1750–1814)

SOUTHERN BANT U

THOMAS SOUTHERNE (166o-1746)

ROBERT SOUTHEY (1774-1843)

ROBERT SOUTHWELL (c. 1561-1595)

EMMA DOROTHY ELIZA NEVITTE SOUTHWORTH (1819-1899)

SMILE SOUVESTRE (1806-1854)