See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN See also:

• JOHN SKELTON (c. 1460-1529)

SKELTON (c. 1460-1529)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English poet, is variously asserted to have belonged to a See also:

• CUMBERLAND
• CUMBERLAND, DUKES AND EARLS OF
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1632-1718)
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1732-1811)
• CUMBERLAND, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS

Cumberland See also:

• FAMILY

family and to have been a native of See also:

• DISS

Diss in See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk . He is said to have been 1490 See also:

• CAXTON, WILLIAM (c. 1422-1491)

Caxton writes of him, in the See also:

• PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface to The Boke ofEneydos compyled by Vyrgyle, in terms which prove that he had already won a reputation as a See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar . " But I pray mayster See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• SKELTON, JOHN (c. 1460-1529)

Skelton," he says, " See also:

• LATE

late created poete See also:

• LAUREATE (Lat. laureatus, from laurea, the laurel tree)

laureate in the unyversite of Oxenforde, to oversee and correct this sayd booke . . for him I know for suffycyent to expowne and englysshe every dyffyculte that is therin . For he See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

bath late translated the epystlys of See also:

• TULLE

Tulle, and the boke of dyodorus siculus,' and diverse other See also:

• WORKS

works . . , in polysshed and ornate termes craftely I suppose he hath drunken of Elycons well." The laureateship referred to was a degree in See also:

• RHETORIC (Gr. psroperctj TEXvq, the art of the orator)

rhetoric . Skelton received in 1493 the same See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour at See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, and also, it is said, at See also:

• LOUVAIN (Flem. Leuven)

Louvain . He found a See also:

• PATRON

patron in the pious and learned countess of See also:

• RICHMOND
• RICHMOND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• RICHMOND, LEGH (1772-1827)
• RICHMOND, SIR WILLIAM BLAKE (1842– )

Richmond, See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VII.'s See also:

• MOTHER

mother, for whom he wrote Of Mannes Lyfe the Peregrynacioun, a See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation, now lost, of See also:

• GUILLAUME
• GUILLAUME, JEAN BAPTISTE CLAUDE EUGENE (1822-1905)

Guillaume de Deguillevine's Pelerinage de la See also:

• VIE

vie humaine . An See also:

• ELEGY

elegy " Of the See also:

• DEATH

death of the See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince Kynge Edwarde the forth," included in some of the See also:

• EDITIONS

editions of the See also:

• MIRROR (through O. Fr. mirour, mod. miroir, from a sup-posed Late Lat. miratorium, from mirari, to admire)

Mirror for Magistrates, and another (1489) t The MS. of this translation is preserved at Corpus Christi See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, Cambridge . Cif id Inferior dental See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal . The mandible is displaced down- educated at See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford . He certainly studied at Cambridge, and wards, to show its entire See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form ; the he is probably the " one Scheklton " mentioned by See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William *indicates the See also:

• PART

part of the cranium to See also:

• COLE, SIR HENRY (1808–1882)
• COLE, THOMAS (1801–1848)
• COLE, TIMOTHY (1852– )
• COLE, VICAT (1833–1893)

Cole (MS.A then .

Cantabr.) as taking his M.A.degree in 1484 . In which the Condyle is articulated . on the death of Henry See also:

• PERCY (FAMILY)
• PERCY, SIR HENRY
• PERCY, THOMAS (1729-1811)
• PERCY, THOMAS (c. 156o-16os)

Percy, See also:

• FOURTH

fourth See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• NORTHUMBERLAND
• NORTHUMBERLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN DUDLEY, VISCOUNT LISLE, EARL OF WARWICK
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN NEVILLE, EARL OF (c. 1430-1471)

Northumberland, are among his earliest poems . In the last See also:

• DECADE (from Gr. Oka, ten)

decade of the See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century he was appointed See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor to Prince Henry (afterwards Henry VIII.) . He wrote for his See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil a lost See also:

• SPECULUM

Speculum principis, and See also:

• ERASMUS, DESIDERIUS (1466–1536)

Erasmus, in dedicating an See also:

• ODE (Gr. uiSri, from aei&ew, to sing)

ode to the prince in 1500, speaks of Skelton as " unum Britannicarum literarum lumen ac decus." In 1498 he was successively ordained sub-See also:

• DEACON (Gr. S&& ovos, minister, servant)

deacon, deacon and See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest . He seems to have been imprisoned in 1502, but no See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason is known for his disgrace . Two years later he retired from See also:

• REGULAR

regular attendance at See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court to become See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector of Diss, a See also:

• BENEFICE (Lat. beneficium, benefit)

benefice which he retained nominally till his death . Skelton frequently signed himself " regius orator " and poet-laureate, but there is no See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record of any emoluments paid in connexion with these dignities, although the See also:

• ABBE (Serbo-Croatian Rai))

Abbe du Resnel, author of Recherches sur See also:

• LES

les poetes couronnez, asserts that he had seen a patent (1513–1514) in which Skelton was appointed poet-laureate to Henry VIII . As rector of Diss he caused See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• SCANDAL

scandal among his parishioners, who thought him, says See also:

• ANTHONY, SAINT
• ANTHONY, SUSAN BROWNELL (1820-1906)

Anthony a See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

Wood, more See also:

• FIT

fit for the See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage than for the See also:

• PEW (Mid. Eng. puwe, through O. Fr. puya, pui, mod, puy, in the sense of hill, cf. appuyer, to lean against; from Lat. podium, a high place, balcony; Gr. lrb&ov, pedestal, 'roes, foot)

pew or the See also:

• PULPIT (from Lat. pulpitum, a staging, platform: equivalents are Fr. chaire d'eglise, Ital. pulpito, Ger. Kanzel)

pulpit . He was secretly married to a woman who lived in his See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, and he had earned the hatred of the Dominican monks by his fierce See also:

• SATIRE (Lat. satira, satura; see below)

satire . Consequently he came under the formal censure of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Nix, the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of the See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese, and appears to have been temporarily suspended . After his death a collection of farcical tales, no doubt chiefly, if not entirely, apocryphal, gathered See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round his name—The Merie Tales of Skelton .

During the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the century he figured in the popular See also:

• IMAGINATION

imagination as an incorrigible See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical joker . His sarcastic wit made him some enemies, among them See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• CHRISTOPHER, SAINT (Christophorus, Christoferus)

Christopher Garnesche or Garneys, See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander See also:

• BARCLAY, ALEXANDER (c. 1476-1552)
• BARCLAY, JOHN (1582-1621)
• BARCLAY, JOHN (1734-1798)
• BARCLAY, R
• BARCLAY, ROBERT (1648-1690)
• BARCLAY, WILLIAM (1546–1608)

Barclay, William See also:

• LILLY, WILLIAM (16oz-1681)

Lilly and the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French scholar, See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Gaguin (c . 1425–1502) . With Garneys he engaged in a regular " flyting," undertaken, he says, at the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's command, but Skelton's four poems read as if the abuse in them were dictated by genuine anger . Earlier in his career he had found a friend and patron in See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal See also:

• WOLSEY, THOMAS (c. 1475–1530)

Wolsey, and the See also:

• DEDICATION (Lat. dedicatio, from dedicare, to proclaim, to announce)

dedication to the cardinal of his Replycacion is couched in the most flattering terms . But in 1522, when Wolsey in his capacity of See also:

• LEGATE (Lat. legatus, past part. of legare, to send as deputy)
• LEGATE, BARTHOLOMEW (c. 1575-1612)

legate dissolved See also:

• CONVOCATION
• CONVOCATION (Lat. convocatio, a calling together)

convocation at St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul's, Skelton put in circulation the See also:

• COUPLET

couplet: " See also:

• GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

Gentle Paul, laie See also:

• DOUNE

doune thy sweard For See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter of See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster hath shaven thy See also:

• BEARD (A.S. beard, O. H. and Mod. Ger. Bart, Dan. beard, Icel. bar, rim, edge, beak of a ship, &c., O. Slay. barda, Russ. barodd. Cf. Welsh barf, Lat.. barba, though, according to the New English Dictionary, the connexion is for phonetic reasons doubtful)
• BEARD, WILLIAM HOLBROOK (1825-1900)

beard." In Colyn Cloute he incidentally attacked Wolsey in a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general satire on the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy, but See also:

• SPEKE, HUGH (1656-c. 1724)
• SPEKE, JOHN HANNING (1827-1864)

Speke, See also:

• PARROT (according to Skeat, from Fr. Perrot or Pies-rot, the diminutive of the proper name Pierrel)

Parrot and Why come ye nat to Courte? are See also:

• DIRECT

direct and fierce invectives against the cardinal who is said to have more than once imprisoned the author . To avoid another See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest Skelton took See also:

• SANCTUARY (from the late Lat. sanctuarium, a sacred place)

sanctuary in Westminster See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey . He was kindly received by the See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot, John See also:

• ISLIP

Islip, who continued to protect him until his death on the 21st of See also:

• JUNE

June 1529 . The inscription on his See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb in the neighbouring See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• MARGARET
• MARGARET (1283–1290)
• MARGARET (1353-1412)
• MARGARET (1489–1541)
• MARGARET, ST (c. 1045–1093)
• MARGARET, ST (SANCTA MARGARITA)

Margaret's described him as vales pierius . In his Garlande of Laurell Skelton gives a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of his works, only a few of which are extant . The See also:

• GARLAND, JOHN (fl. 1202—1252)

garland in question was worked for him in silks, See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold and pearls by the ladies of the countess of See also:

• SURREY
• SURREY, EARLDOM OF
• SURREY, HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF (1518?-1547)

Surrey at See also:

• SHERIFF

Sheriff See also:

• HUTTON, CHARLES (1737-1823)
• HUTTON, JAMES (1726-1797)
• HUTTON, RICHARD HOLT (1826-1897)

Hutton See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle, where he was the See also:

• GUEST (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Gast, and Swed. gust; cognate with Lat. hostis, originally a stranger, hence enemy; cf. " host " )
• GUEST, EDWIN (1800–188o)

guest of the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of Norfolk . The See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition includes complimentary verses to the various ladies concerned, and a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• DEAL

deal of See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information about himself .

But it is as a satirist that Skelton merits See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention . The Bowge of Court is directed against the vices and dangers of court See also:

• LIFE

life . He had already in his Boke of the Thre Foles See also:

• DRAWN

drawn on Alexander Barclay's version of the Narrenschiff of See also:

• SEBASTIAN
• SEBASTIAN, ST

Sebastian See also:

• BRANT, JOSEPH (1742-1807)
• BRANT, SEBASTIAN (1457-1521)

Brant, and this more elaborate and imaginative poem belongs to the same class . Skelton, falling into a See also:

• DREAM (from a root dreug, connected with Germ. trugen, to deceive)

dream at See also:

• HARWICH

Harwich, See also:

• SEES

sees a stately See also:

• SHIP

ship in the See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour called the Bowge of Court,' the owner of which is the See also:

• DAME
• DAME (through the Fr. from Lat. domina, mistress, lady, the feminine of dominus, master, lord)

Dame Saunce Pere . Her merchandise is Favour; the helmsman See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

Fortune; and the poet, who figures as Drede (modesty), finds on See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board Favell (the flatterer), Suspect, Harvy Hafter (the See also:

• CLEVER

clever thief), Dysdayne, Ryotte, Dyssymuler and Subtylte, who all explain themselves in turn, until at last Drede, who finds they are secretly his enemies, is about to See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save his life by See also:

• JUMPING

jumping overboard, when he wakes with a start . Both of these poems are written in the ' Bowge—Fr. bouche; court rations . The See also:

• TERM

term is explained as the right to eat at the king's table.seven-lined Chaucerian See also:

• STANZA (Low Lat. stantia, Ital. stantia or stanza)

stanza, but it is in an irregular See also:

• METRE ((terpuc?, sc. rFxvf, from Gr. Or poi', measure)

metre of his own that his most characteristic See also:

• WORK

work was accomplished . The Boke of Phyllyp Sparowe, the lament of Jane Scroop, a schoolgirl in the See also:

• BENEDICTINE

Benedictine See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent of Carowe near See also:

• NORWICH
• NORWICH, GEORGE GORING, EARL OF (1583?-1663)

Norwich, for her dead See also:

• BIRD

bird, was no doubt inspired by See also:

• CATULLUS, GAIUS VALERIUS (?84-J4 B.C.)

Catullus . It is a poem of some 1400 lines and takes many liberties with the formularies of the church . The digressions are considerable . We learn what a wide See also:

• READING

reading Jane had in the romances of See also:

• CHARLEMAGNE [CHARLES THE GREAT] (c. 742-814)
• CHARLEMAGNE, JEAN ARMAND (1753–1838)

Charlemagne, of the Round Table, The Four Sons of Aymon and the Trojan See also:

• CYCLE
• CYCLE (Gr. KUK)^os, a circle)

cycle . Skelton finds space to give his See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion of See also:

• CHAUCER, GEOFFREY (? 1340-1400)

Chaucer, See also:

• GOWER
• GOWER, JOHN (d. 1408)

Gower and See also:

• LYDGATE, JOHN (c. 1370–c. 1451)

Lydgate .

He seems fully to have realized Chaucer's value as a See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the English See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language . Gower's See also:

• MATTER

matter was, he said, " See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth gold," but his English he regarded as antiquated . The See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse in which the poem is written, called from its inventor " Skeltonical," is here turned entirely to whimsical use . The lines are usually six-syllabled, but vary in length, and See also:

• RHYME

rhyme in See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups of two, three, four and even more . It is not far removed from the old alliterative English verse, and well fitted to be chanted by the minstrels who had sung the old See also:

• BALLADS

ballads . For its comic admixture of Latin Skelton had abundant example in French and See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

Low Latin macaronic verse . He makes frequent use of Latin and French words to carry out his exacting See also:

• SYSTEM

system of frequently recurring rhymes . This breathless, voluble measure was in Skelton's energetic hands an admirable vehicle for invective, but it easily degenerated into doggerel . By the end of the 16th century he was a " See also:

• RUDE, FRANCOIS (1784–1855)

rude rayling rimer " (See also:

• PUTTENHAM, GEORGE (d. 1590)

Puttenham, Arte of English Poesie), and at the hands of See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope 2 and See also:

• WARTON, JOSEPH (1722-1800)
• WARTON, THOMAS (1728-1790)
• WARTON, THOMAS (c. 1688-1745)

Warton he fared even worse . His own See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism is a just one: " For though my ryme be ragged, Tattered and jagged, Rudely rayne beaten, Rusty and moughte eaten, It hath in it some pyth." Colyn Cloute represents the See also:

• AVERAGE

average See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man who gives his opinions on the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of the church . There is no more scathing See also:

• INDICTMENT (from Anglo-Fr. enditernent, enditer, to charge; Lat. in, against, dictare, declare)

indictment of the sins of the clergy before the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation . He exposes their greed, their See also:

• IGNORANCE (Lat. ignorantia, from ignorare, not to know); want of knowledge, a state of mind which in law has important consequences. A well-known legal maxim runs: ignorantia juris non excusat ("ignorance of the law does not excuse")

ignorance, the ostentation of the bishops and the See also:

• COMMON

common practice of See also:

• SIMONY

simony, but takes care to explain that his accusations do not include all and that he writes in See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of, not against, the church .

He repeatedly hits at Wolsey even in this general satire, but not directly . Speke, Parrot has only been preserved in a fragmentary form, and is exceedingly obscure . It was apparently composed at different times, but in the latter part of the composition he openly attacks Wolsey . In Why come ye nat to Courte? there is no See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt at disguise . The wonder is not that the author had to seek sanctuary, but that he had any opportunity of doing so . He rails at Wolsey's ostentation, at his almost royal authority, his overbearing manner to suitors high and low, and taunts him with his mean extraction .. This scathing invective was not allowed to be printed in the cardinal's lifetime, but it was no doubt widely circulated in MS. and by repetition . The See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of coarseness regularly brought against Skelton is based chiefly on The Tunnynge of Elynoure Rummynge, a realistic description in the same metre of the drunken See also:

• WOMEN

women who, gathered at a well-known See also:

• ALE

ale-house kept by Elynour Rummynge at See also:

• LEATHERHEAD

Leatherhead, not far from the royal See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of Nonsuch . " Skelton Laureate against the Scottes " is a fierce See also:

• SONG

song of See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph celebrating the victory of See also:

• FLODDEN, or FLODDEN FIELD

Flodden . " Jemmy is ded And closed in led, That was theyr owne Kynge," says the poem; but there was an earlier version written before the See also:

• NEWS

news of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James IV.'s death had reached See also:

• LONDON

London . This, which is the earliest singly printed ballad in the language, was entitled A See also:

• BALLADE

Ballade of the Scottysske Kynge, and was rescued in 1878 from the wooden covers of a copy of Huon de See also:

• BORDEAUX

Bordeaux . " See also:

• HOWE
• HOWE, EIJAS (1819 — 1867)
• HOWE, JOHN (1630-17o6)
• HOWE, JOSEPH (1804–1873)
• HOWE, JULIA WARD (1819–1910)
• HOWE, RICHARD HOWE, EARL (1726-1799)
• HOWE, SAMUEL GRIDLEY (1801-1876)
• HOWE, WILLIAM HOWE, 5TH VISCOUNT (1729-1814)

Howe the douty Duke of See also:

• ALBANY
• ALBANY, DUKES OF
• ALBANY, LOUISE MAXIMILIENNE CAROLINE, COUNTESS OF (1752-1824)

Albany, lyke a cowarde See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight " deals with the See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of 1523, and contains a See also:

• PANEGYRIC

panegyric of Henry VIIL To this is attached an envoi to Wolsey, but it must surely have been 2 (See also:

• SPENCE, THOMAS (1750-1814)

Spence, Anecdotes, p .

87) : Pope said : " Skelton's poems are all low and See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad, there is nothing in them that is worth reading," and (in Satires and Epigrams, v . 38) " And beastly Skelton heads of houses quote." misplaced, for both the satires on the cardinal are of earlier date . Skelton also wrote three plays, only one of which survives . Magnificence is one of the best examples of the morality See also:

• PLAY

play . It deals with the same topic as his satires, the evils of ambition; its moral, " how suddenly worldly See also:

• WEALTH

wealth doth decay," being a favourite one with him . See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas Warton in his See also:

• HISTORY

History of English See also:

• POETRY

Poetry described another piece Nigramansir, printed by Wynkyn de Worde in 1504, and dealing with simony and the love of See also:

• MONEY

money in the church; but no copy is known to exist, and some suspicion has been See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast on Warton's statement . See also:

• ILLUSTRATION

Illustration of the hold Skelton had on the public imagination is supplied from the stage . A play (1600) called Scogan and Skelton, by Richard Hathway and William Rankins, is mentioned by See also:

• HENSLOWE, PHILIP (d. 1616)

Henslowe . In Anthony See also:

• MUNDAY (or MONDAY), ANTHONY (c. 1553-1633)

Munday's Downfall of Robert, earl of See also:

• HUNTINGDON
• HUNTINGDON, EARLS OF
• HUNTINGDON, SELINA HASTINGS, COUNTESS OF (1707—1791)

Huntingdon, Skelton acts the part of See also:

• FRIAR (from the Lat. (rater, through the Fr. frere)

Friar Tuck, and See also:

• BEN (from Old Eng. bennan, within)

Ben See also:

• JONSON

Jonson in his masque, The Fortunate Isles, introduced " Skogan and Skelton in like habits as they lived." Very few of Skelton's productions are dated, and their titles are here necessarily abbreviated . Wynkyn de Worde printed the Bowge of Court twice . See also:

• DIVERS

Divers Balettys and dyties solacious devysed by Master Skelton Laureat, and Skelton Laureate agaynste a comely Coyslroune .. . have no date or printer's name, but are evidently from the See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press of Richard Pynson, who also printed Replycacion against certain yang scalers, dedicated to Wolsey .

The Garlande or Chapelet of Laurell was printed by Richard Faukes (1523); Magnificence, A goodly interlude, probably by John See also:

• RASTELL (or RASTALL), JOHN (d. 1536)
• RASTELL, WILLIAM (c. 1508-1565)

Rastell about 1533, reprinted (182') for the See also:

• ROXBURGHE, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Roxburghe See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

Club . Hereafter foloweth tke See also:

• BAKE, JAN (1787-1864)

Bake of Phyllyp Sparowe was printed by Richard Kele (155o ?), Robert See also:

• TOY
• TOY, CRAWFORD HOWELL (1836– )

Toy, Antony Kitson (156o ?), See also:

• ABRAHAM, or ABRAM (Hebrew for " father is high ")

Abraham Veale (1570?), John Walley, John Wyght (156o ?) . Hereafter foloweth certaine bokes compyled by mayster Skelton ... including " Speke, Parrot," " See also:

• WARE

Ware the See also:

• HAWKE
• HAWKE, EDWARD HAWKE, BARON (1705-1781)

Hawke," " Elynoure Rumrnynge " and others, was printed by Richard Lant (1550?), John King and Thomas See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March (1565 ?), by John See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

Day (156o) . Here-after foloweth a litle boke called Colyn Cloute and Hereafter ... why come ye nat to Courte ? were printed by Richard Kele (155o ?) and in numerous subsequent editions . Pithy, plesaunt and profitable workes of moister Skelton, Poete Laureate . Nowe collected and newly published was printed in '568, and reprinted in 1736 . A scarce reprint of Elinour Rummin by See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel See also:

• RAND

Rand appeared in 1624 . See The Poetical Works of See also:

• JAHN, FRIEDRICH LUDWIG (1778-1852)
• JAHN, JOHANN (1750—1816)
• JAHN, OTTO (1813—1869)

Jahn Skelton; with Notes and some See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the author and his writings, by the Rev . Alexander See also:

• DYCE, ALEXANDER (1798–1869)
• DYCE, WILLIAM (1806–1864)

Dyce (2 vols., 1843) . A selection of his works was edited by W . H . See also:

• WILLIAMS
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1582-1650)
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1796-1839)
• WILLIAMS, ROGER (c. 1604–1684)
• WILLIAMS, ROWLAND (1817-1870)
• WILLIAMS, SIR WILLIAM FENWICK

Williams (London, 1902) .

See also Zur Charakteristik John Skeltons by Dr See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur Koelbing (See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart, '9o4); F . See also:

• BRIE (Briegus saltus, from Celtic briek, clay)

Brie, " Skelton Studien " in Englische Studien, vol . 38 (See also:

• HEILBRONN

Heilbronn, '877, etc.); A . Rey, Skelton's Satirical Poems ... (Berne, '899); A . See also:

• THUMMEL, MORITZ AUGUST VON (1738-1817)

Thummel, Studien fiber John Skelton (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig-Reudnitz, 1905) ; G . See also:

• SAINTSBURY, GEORGE EDWARD BATEMAN (1845- )

Saintsbury, Hist. of Eng . See also:

• PROSODY (Gr. rpovwSta)

Prosody (vol. i., 1906) ; and A . Kolbing in the Cambridge History of English Literature (vol. iii., 1909) .