PEDER See also:

• PEDER SKRAM (c. 1500-1581)

SKRAM (c. 1500-1581)  , - Danish senator and See also:

• NAVAL

naval See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero, See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born between 1491 and 1503, at his See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate at Urup near See also:

• HORSENS

Horsens in See also:

• JUTLAND (Danish Jylland)

Jutland . He first saw seivice in the See also:

• SWEDISH

Swedish. See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian II. at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Brannkyrka, 1518, and at the battle of See also:

• UPSALA, or UPPSALA

Upsala two years later he saved the See also:

• LIFE

life of the Danish See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard-See also:

• BEARER

bearer . For his services in this -war he was rewarded with an estate in See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway, where he settled for atime - with his See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• CONSORT (Lat. consors, a companion)

consort Elsebe Krabbe . During " Grevens Fejde," of " the See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count's . War," See also:

• SKRAM, PEDER (c. 1500-1581)

Skram, whose reputas tion as a sailor- was already established, was sent by the Danish See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government to assist Gustavus See also:

• VASA, or NIKOLAISTAD

Vasa, then in See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance with Christian See also:

• ILL

Ill. against the partisans of Christian II., to organize the untried Swedish See also:

• FLEET

fleet; and Skram seems; for the point is still obscure, to have shared the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief command with the Swedish See also:

• ADMIRAL

Admiral Mans Some . Skram greatly hampered the movements of the Hanseatic fleets who fought on the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of Christian IL; captut^ed'a Whole See also:

• LUBECK

Lubeck See also:

• SQUADRON

squadron off See also:

• SVENDBORG

Svendborg, and prevented the revictualling of See also:

• COPENHAGEN (Danish Kjobenhavn)

Copenhagen by Lubeck . But the incurable suspicion of Gustavus I. minimized the successes of - the allied fleets throughout 1535 . Skram's services were richly rewarded by Christian III., who knighted him at his See also:

• CORONATION (Lat. corona, crown)

coronation, made him a' senator and endowed him with ample estates . The broad-shouldered, yellow-haired admiral was an out-and-out patriot and greatly contributed as a senator to the victory ofthe Danish party over the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German in the See also:

• COUNCILS

councils of Christian III . In 1555, feeling too infirm to go to See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, he resigned his See also:

• POST

post of admiral; but whenl the Scandinavian Seven Years' War See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out seven years later; and the new See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick II., offered Skram the• chief command, the old hero did not hesitate a moment . With a large fleet he put to sea in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1562 and compelled the Swedish admiral, after a successful engagement off the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• GOTLAND

Gotland, to take See also:

• REFUGE

refuge behind the Skerries . This, however, was his See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole achievement, and he was superseded at the end of the See also:

• YEAR

year by Herluf See also:

• TROLLE, HERLUF (1516-1565)

Trolle .

Skram now retired from -active servite, but was twice (1565-1568)- unsuccessfully besieged by the Swedes in his See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of Laholm, which he and his who See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of mutual-aid association . Meetings are held See also:

• LATE

late at See also:

• NIGHT

night in cellars, and last till See also:

• DAWN (the 16th-century form of the earlier " Jawing " or " dawning," from an old verb " daw," O. Eng. dagian, to become day; cf. Dutch dagen, and Ger. tagen)

dawn . At these the men See also:

• WEAR

wear See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, wide, See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white shirts of a See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar cut with a See also:

• GIRDLE (O. Eng. gyrdel, from gyrdan, to gird; cf. Ger. Gurtel, Dutch gordel, from giirten and gorden; "gird" and its doublet " girth " together with the other Teutonic cognates have been referred by some to the root ghar—to seize, enclose, seen in Gr. )(s

girdle and large white See also:

• TROUSERS

trousers . See also:

• WOMEN

Women also See also:

• DRESS (from the Fr. dresser, to set out, arrange, formed from Lat. directus, arranged, dirigere, to direct, arrange)

dress in white . Either all See also:

• PRESENT

present wear white stockings or are barefoot . They See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call themselves " White Doves." They have a kind of See also:

• EUCHARIST (Gr. evXapurria, thanksgiving)

eucharist, at which pieces of See also:

• BREAD

bread consecrated by being placed for a while on the See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument erected at Schlusselberg to Selivanov are given the communicants . The society has not always been content with proselytism . Bribes and violence have been often used . See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

Children are bought from poor parents and brought up in the faith: The See also:

• SKOPTSI (Russian sko pets, a eunuch)

Skoptsi are millenarians, and look for a See also:

• MESSIAH (Dan. x. 25, 26)

Messiah who will establish an See also:

• EMPIRE

empire of the See also:

• SAINTS, BATTLE OF THE

saints, i.e. the pure, , But the Messiah, they believe, will not come till the Skoptsi number 144,000 (Rev. xiv . 1, 4), and all their efforts are directed to reaching this See also:

• TOTAL

total . The Skopitsi"s favourite See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade is that of See also:

• MONEY

money-changer, and on, 'See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

Change in St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg there was for long a See also:

• BENCH (an O.E. and Eng. form of a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Bank, Dan. baenk and the Eng. doublet " bank ")

bench known as the "Slcoptsi's bench." Of late years there is said to have been a tendency on the See also:

• PART

part of many Skoptsi to consider their creed fulfilled by chaste living merely . See Anatole Leroy-See also:

• BEAULIEU

Beaulieu, The Empire of the Tsars (Eng. trans., 1896), vol. iii .

; E . Pelikan, Geschichtlich= medizinische Untersuchungen fiber das Skopzentum. in Russland (See also:

• GIESSEN

Giessen, 1876) ; K . K . Grass, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die geheime heilige Schrift der Skopzen (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1904) and Die russischen Sekten (Leipzig, 1907, &c.) . wife defended with See also:

• GREAT

great intrepidity., His estates in Halland See also:

• INTENT (from Lat. intend ere, to stretch out, extend, particularly in the phrase intendere animum, to turn one's mind to, purpose)

intent, " Dunghunters." On See also:

• LAND

land, however, whither they were also repeatedly ravaged by the enemy . Skram died; at an advanced See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, at ilrup on the 11th of See also:

• JULY

July 1581 . Skram's audacity won for him the See also:

• NICKNAME

nickname of " See also:

• DENMARK
• DENMARK (Danmark)

Denmark's dare-See also:

• DEVIL (Gr. &a,3oXos, " slanderer," from &ctflisXX sty, to slander)

devil," and he contributed. perhaps more than any other Dane of his See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day to destroy the Hanseatic dominion of the Baltic . His humanity was equally remarkable; he often ims perilled his life by preventing his crews from plundering . See Axel Larsen, Dansk-Norske Heltehistorier (Copenhagen, 1893) . (R . N .