See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• WILLIAM SMITH (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

SMITH (1769-1839)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English geologist, appropriately termed " the See also:

• FATHER

Father of English See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

geology," and known among his acquaintances as " Strata See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith," was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• CHURCHILL (MISSINNIPPI or ENGLISH)
• CHURCHILL, CHARLES (1731-1764)
• CHURCHILL, LORD RANDOLPH HENRY SPENCER (1849-1895)

Churchill in See also:

• OXFORDSHIRE (or OxoN)

Oxfordshire on the 23rd of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1767 . Deprived of his father, an ingenious mechanic, before he was eight years old, he depended upon his father's eldest See also:

• BROTHER

brother, a See also:

• FARMER, RICHARD (1735–1787)

farmer at Over See also:

• NORTON, CAROLINE ELIZABETH SARAH (18o8–1877)
• NORTON, CHARLES BOWYER ADDERLEY, 1ST BARON (1814–1905)
• NORTON, CHARLES ELIOT (1827-1908)
• NORTON, THOMAS (1532–1584)

Norton, who was but little pleased with his See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew's love of See also:

• COLLECTING

collecting " pundibs " (Terebratulae) and " See also:

• POUND
• POUND (2)—(a)

pound-stones " (the large Echinoid Clypeus, then frequently employed as a pound See also:

• WEIGHT

weight by dairywomen), and with his propensity for See also:

• CARVING

carving sundials on soft See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown " See also:

• OVEN (O. Eng. of n,Ger. Ofen, cf. Gr. Irvin, oven)

oven-See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone " of his See also:

• NEIGHBOUR (O. Eng. neahgebiir, from Walt, " nigh," " near ")

neighbour-See also:

• HOOD,
• HOOD, JOHN BELL (1831–1879)
• HOOD, SAMUEL HOOD, VISCOUNT (1724–1816)
• HOOD, SIR SAMUEL (1762-1814)
• HOOD, THOMAS (1799-1845)
• HOOD, TOM (1835–1874)

hood . The See also:

• UNCLE

uncle was, however, better satisfied when the boy, after studying the rudiments of See also:

• GEOMETRY

geometry and See also:

• SURVEYING

surveying, began to take See also:

• INTEREST

interest in the draining of See also:

• LAND

land; and there is no doubt that See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Smith profited in after See also:

• LIFE

life by the See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical experience he gained with his relative . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of eighteen he became assistant to See also:

• EDWARD

Edward See also:

• WEBB, MATTHEW (1848-1883)
• WEBB, SIDNEY (1859– )

Webb, surveyor, of See also:

• STOW, JOHN (c. 1525-1605)

Stow-on-the-Wold, and traversed the Oolitic lands of Oxfordshire and See also:

• GLOUCESTERSHIRE

Gloucestershire, the See also:

• LIAS

Lias See also:

• CLAYS, PAUL JEAN (1819-1900)

clays and red marls of See also:

• WARWICKSHIRE

Warwickshire and other districts, studying their varieties of strata and soils . In 1791 his observations at Stowey and High See also:

• LITTLETON (or LYTTELTON), EDWARD, BARON (1589—1645)
• LITTLETON, SIR THOMAS DE (c. 1407-1481)

Littleton in See also:

• SOMERSETSHIRE

Somersetshire first impressed him with the regularity of the stra+a . In 1793 he executed the surveys and levellings for the See also:

• LINE

line . `f the See also:

• SOMERS, JOHN SOMERS (or SOMMERS), BARON (1651–1716)

Somers( t See also:

• COAL

Coal.See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal, in the course of which he See also:

• CON

con-firmed a previous supposition, that the strata lying above the coal were not See also:

• HORIZONTAL

horizontal, but inclined in one direction—to the E.—so as to terminate successively at the See also:

• SURFACE

surface . On being appointed engineer to the canal in 1794 he was deputed to make 'a tour of observation with regard to inland See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation . During this tour, which occupied nearly two months, he journeyed to See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York and See also:

• NEWCASTLE
• NEWCASTLE, DUKES OF

Newcastle and returned through See also:

• SHROPSHIRE (SALOP)

Shropshire and See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales to See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

Bath; he carefully examined the See also:

• GEOLOGICAL

geological structure of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, and corroborated his generalization of a settled See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession in the strata . After residing for two or three years at High Littleton he removed in 1795 to Bath, and three years later See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased a small See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate at Tucking See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

Mill, Midford, about 3 M. distant from the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, where he engaged in the last duties he performed as See also:

• RESIDENT

resident engineer to the Coal Canal (1708-1799) . His numerous journeys had, satisfied him of the practicability of making a See also:

• MAP
• MAP (or MAPES), WALTER (d. c. 1208/9)

map to show the ranges of the different strata across See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, and in 1794 he coloured his first geological map—that of the vicinity of Bath . At this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he made acquaintance with the Rev .

See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin See also:

• RICHARDSON, GEORGE
• RICHARDSON, HENRY HOBSON (1838-1886)
• RICHARDSON, SAMUEL (1689-1761)
• RICHARDSON, SIR JOHN (1787-1865)

Richardson (d . 1832), from .1796 See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector of Farleigh See also:

• HUNGERFORD
• HUNGERFORD, WALTER HUNGERFORD, BARON (d. 1449)

Hungerford, who possessed a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good collection of See also:

• LOCAL

local fossils, but knew nothing of the See also:

• LAWS

laws of stratification . He had a See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound knowledge of natural See also:

• HISTORY

history, and he greatly aided Smith in learning the names and true nature of the fossils, while Smith arranged his specimens in the order of the strata . By this new friend Smith was introduced to the Rev . See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph Townsend (i738-1816), rector of Pewsey, and on a notable occasion in 1799 Smith dictated his first table of See also:

• BRITISH

British Strata, written by Richardson and now in the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the Geological Society of See also:

• LONDON

London . It was headed Order of the Strata, and their imbedded Organic Remains, in the neighbourhood of Bath; examined and proved See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

prior to 1799 . In 1813 Townsend published, with due See also:

• ACKNOWLEDGMENT (from the old acknow, a compound of on- and know, to know by the senses, which passed through the forms oknow, aknow and acknow; acknowledge is formed on analogy of " knowledge ")

acknowledgment, much See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information on the English strata communicated by William Smith, in a See also:

• WORK

work entitled The See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

Character of See also:

• MOSES (Gr. Mwvo c, Mcoo-i3s)
• MOSES, ASSUMPTION OF

Moses established for veracity Its an historian, recording events from the Creation to the See also:

• DELUGE, THE (through the Fr. from Lat. diluvium, flood, diluere, to wash away)

Deluge . Meanwhile Smith was completing and arranging the data for his large Geological Map of England and Wales, with See also:

• PART

part of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, which appeared in 1815, in fifteen sheets, engraved on a See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale of 5 m. to in . The map was reduced to smaller See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form in 1819; and from this date to 1822 twenty-one See also:

• SEPARATE

separate See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county geological maps and several sheets of sections were published in successive years, the whole constituting a Geological See also:

• ATLAS

Atlas of England and Wales . Smith's collection of fossils was purchased in 1816-r818 by the British Museum . In 1817 a portion of the descriptive See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

catalogue was published under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of a Stratigraphical See also:

• SYSTEM

System of Organized Fossils . Prior to this, in 1816, he commenced the publication of Strata Identified by Organized Fossils, with figures printed on See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper to correspond in some degree with the natural See also:

• HUE

hue of the sirata .

In this work (of which only four parts were published, 1816-1817) is exemplified the See also:

• GREAT

great principle he established of the See also:

• IDENTIFICATION (Lat. idem, the same)

identification of strata by their included organic remains . In See also:

• JANUARY

January 1831 the Geological Society of London conferred on Smith the first See also:

• WOLLASTON, WILLIAM (1659--1724)
• WOLLASTON, WILLIAM HYDE (1766-1828)

Wollaston See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal; on which occasion See also:

• SEDGWICK, ADAM (1785-1873)
• SEDGWICK, JOHN (1813–1864)

Sedgwick in an eloquent address referred to Smith as " the Father of English Geology "; and the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government conferred upon him a' life-See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension of £See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo per annum . The degree of LL.D. he received from See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin, at the See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting of the British Association in that city in 1835 . In 1838 he was appointed one of the commissioners to select See also:

• BUILDING

building-stone for the new Houses of See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

Parliament . The last years of his life were spent at Hackness (of which he made a good geological map), near See also:

• SCARBOROUGH

Scarborough, and in the latter See also:

• TOWN

town . His usually robust See also:

• HEALTH

health failed in 1839, and on 28th See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August of that See also:

• YEAR

year he died at See also:

• NORTHAMPTON
• NORTHAMPTON, ASSIZE OF
• NORTHAMPTON, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Northampton . He was buried at St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter's See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, and a bust by See also:

• CHANTREY, SIR FRANCIS LEGATT (1782-1841)

Chantrey was placed in the See also:

• NAVE

nave . In 1891 the See also:

• EARL

earl of Ducie erected a See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument to his memory at his native See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, Churchill . His See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs, edited by his nephew, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• PHILLIPS
• PHILLIPS, ADELAIDE (1833-1882)
• PHILLIPS, EDWARD (163o-1696)
• PHILLIPS, JOHN (1800—1874)
• PHILLIPS, SAMUEL (1814—1854)
• PHILLIPS, STEPHEN (1868– )
• PHILLIPS, THOMAS (1770-1845)
• PHILLIPS, WENDELL (1811-1884)

Phillips, appeared in 1844 .