See also:

• SNIPE (0. Eng. Spite, Icel. Snipe, Dutch Snip, Ger. Schnepfe)

SNIPE (0. Eng. Spite, Icel. Snipe, Dutch Snip, Ger. Schnepfe)  , one of the commonest Limicoline birds, in high repute no less for the table than for the See also:

• SPORT (a contracted or shortened form of "disport," to amuse, divert oneself, O. Fr. se dis porter or deporter, to leave off work, hence to play, Lat. dis-, away, and portare, to carry; the origin of the meaning lies in the notion of turning away from ser

sport it affords . It is the Scolopax gallinago of See also:

• LINNAEUS

Linnaeus, but by later writers it has been separated from that genus, the type of which is the See also:

• WOODCOCK (O. Eng. wude-cocc, wudu-coc, and wudu-snite)

Woodcock (q.v.), and has been named Gallinago caelestis . Though considerable See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers are still bred in the See also:

• BRITISH

British Islands, notwithstanding the diminished See also:

• AREA

area suitable for them, most of those that fall to the See also:

• GUN

gun are undoubtedly of See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign origin, arriving from Scandinavia towards the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of summer or later, and many will outstay the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter if the See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather be not too severe, while the See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home-bred birds emigrate in autumn to return the following See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring . Of later years British markets have been chiefly supplied from abroad, mostly from See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland . The variegated plumage of the See also:

• SNIPE (0. Eng. Spite, Icel. Snipe, Dutch Snip, Ger. Schnepfe)

Snipe is subject to no incon-•siderable variation, especially in the extent of dark markings on the belly, flanks, and axillaries, while examples are occasionally seen in which no trace of See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white, and hardly any of See also:

• BUFF (from Fr. bu.ffie, a buffalo)

buff or See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey, is visible, the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of these tints being taken by several shades of See also:

• CHOCOLATE

chocolate-See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown . Such examples were See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long considered to See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a distinct See also:

• SPECIES

species, the S. sabinii, but its invalidity is now admitted . Other examples in which buff or See also:

• RUST (O.E. rust, a word which appears in -many Teutonic languages, cf. Du. roest, Ger. rost); in origin it is allied with " ruddy " and " red," the reddish-brown powdery substance which forms on the surface of iron or steel exposed to atmospheric corrosio

rust-See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour pre-dominates have also been deemed distinct, and to those has been applied the epithet russata . Again, a slight deviation from the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary formation of the tail, whose rectrices normally number 14, and See also:

• PRESENT

present a rounded termination, has led to the belief in a species, S. brehmi, now wholly discredited . But, setting aside two See also:

• EUROPEAN

European species, there are at least a See also:

• SCORE (O.E. scor, from sceran, to cut, notch, cf. " shear ")

score, belonging to various parts of the See also:

• WORLD

world . , Thus N . See also:

• AMERICA

America produces G. wilsoni, so like the See also:

• ENGLISH

English Snipe as not to be easily distinguished except by the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of 16 rectrices, and See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia has G. australis, a larger and somewhat differently coloured See also:

• BIRD

bird with 18 rectrices . See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, while affording a winter resort to the See also:

• COMMON

common species, which besides See also:

• EUROPE

Europe extends its breeding range over the whole of N .

See also:

• ASIA

Asia, has also at this See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season the See also:

• PIN (a doublet with " pen " from Lat. pinna, feather, pinnacle, which is said to contain the same root as irirvs, pine tree, and properly to mean a sharp point or end)

Pin -tailed Snipe, E. stenura, in which the number of rectrices is still greater, varying from 20 to 28, it is said, though 22 seems to be the usual number .. This curious variability, deserving more See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention than it has yet received, only occurs in the See also:

• OUTER

outer feathers of the See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series, which are narrow in form and extremely stiff, there being always so in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of ordinary breadth . Those who only know the Snipe as it shows itself in the See also:

• SHOOTING

shooting-season, when without warning it rises from the boggy ground uttering a See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note that sounds like scape, scape, and, after a few rapid twists, darts away, if it be not brought down by the gun, to disappear in the distance after a desultory See also:

• FLIGHT

flight, have no conception of the bird's behaviour at breeding-See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . Then, though flushed quite as suddenly, it will See also:

• FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the intruder, at times almost hovering over his See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head . But, if he have See also:

• PATIENCE

patience, he will see it See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

mount aloft and there execute a series of aerial evolutions of an astounding See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind . After wildly circling about, and reaching a height at which it appears a See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere speck, where it winnows a See also:

• RANDOM (older forms randon, randrun; from the French, cf. randir, to run quickly, impetuously; generally taken to be of Teutonic origin and connected with Ger. Rand, edge, brim, the idea being possibly of a brimming river)

random zigzag course, it abruptly shoots downwards and aslant, and then as abruptly stops to regain its former See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation, and this See also:

• PROCESS

process it repeats many times . A few seconds after each of these headlong descents a mysterious See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound strikes his See also:

• EAR (common Teut.; O.E. are, Ger. Ohr, Du. oor, akin to Lat. auris, Gr. ovs)

ear—compared by some to drumming, and by others to the bleating of a See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep or See also:

• GOAT (a common Teut. word; O. Eng. gat, Goth. gaits, Mod. Ger. Geiss, cognate with Lat. haedus, a kid)

goat,' which sound evidently comes from the bird as it shoots downwards, and then only . It is now generally accepted that these sounds are produced by the vibration of the webs of the outer tail-feathers, the webs of 'which are modified . A similar sound may be made by affixing those feathers to the end of a See also:

• ROD (O.E. rodd, probably related to Norw. rudda, stick, rodda, stake)
• ROD, EDOUARD (1857-1910)

rod and See also:

• DRAWING

drawing them rapidly downwards in the same position as they occupy in the bird's tail while it is performing the feat.' The See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air will also See also:

• RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring with loud notes that have,been syllabled See also:

• TINKER

tinker, tinker, tinker, while other notes in a different See also:

• KEY
• KEY (in O. Eng. tang; the ultimate origin of the word is unknown; it appears only in Old Frisian kei of other Teutonic languages; until the end of the 17th century the pronunciation was kay, as in other words in O. Eng. ending in aeg; cf. daeg, day; clang
• KEY (the phraseograms being indicated by hyphens)
• KEY, SIR ASTLEY COOPER (1821-1888)
• KEY, THOMAS HEWITT (1799-1875)

key, something like djepp, djepp, djepp rapidly uttered, may be heard as if in response . The See also:

• NEST

nest is always on the ground, and is a rather deep hollow wrought in a tuft of herbage and lined with dry grass-leaves . The eggs are four in number, of a dark See also:

• OLIVE (Olea europaea)

olive colour, blotched and spotted with See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich brown . The See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young when freshly hatched are beautifully clothed in down of a dark maroon, variegated with See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black, white and buff.to H .

E . See also:

• DRESSER

Dresser's Birds of Europe (vii . 635-637) . It visits See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain every See also:

• YEAR

year at the close of summer, but in very small numbers, and is almost always seen singly—not uncommonly in places where no one could expect to find a Snipe . The third species of which any details can here be given is the See also:

• JACK

Jack-' or See also:

• HALF

Half-Snipe, S. gallinula, the smallest and most beautifully coloured of the See also:

• GROUP

group . Without being as numerous as the common or full Snipe, it is of frequent occurrence in Great Britain from See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September to See also:

• APRIL

April (and occasionally both earlier and later); but it breeds only, so far as is known, in N . Scandinavia and See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia; and the first trustworthy See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information on that subject was obtained by J . Wolley in See also:

• JUNE

June 1853, when he found several of its nests near Muonioniska in See also:

• LAPLAND, or LAPPLAND

Lapland.' Instead of rising wildly as do most of its See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies, it generally lies so close as to let itself be almost trodden upon, and then takes wing silently, to alight at a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short distance and to return to the same place on the morrow . In the breeding-season, however, it is as noisy and conspicuous as its larger brethren while executing its aerial evolutions . As a group the Snipes are in several respects highly specialized . We may mention the sensitiveness of the See also:

• BILL

bill, which, though to some extent noticeable in many Sandpipers (q.v.), is in Snipes carried to an extreme by a number of filaments, belonging to the fifth pair of nerves, which run almost to the tip and open immediately under the soft cuticle in a series of cells that give this portion of the See also:

• SURFACE

surface of the premaxillaries, when exposed, a See also:

• HONEYCOMB

honeycomb-like See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance . Thus the bill becomes a most delicate See also:

• ORGAN

organ of sensation, and by its means the bird, while probing for See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food, is at once able to distinguish the nature of the See also:

• OBJECTS

objects it encounters, though these are wholly out of sight .

So far as is known the sternum of all the Snipes, except the Jack-Snipe, departs from the normal Limicoline formation, a fact which tends to justify the removal of that species to a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate genus, Limnocryptes.' (A .