See also:

• SNUFF (from " to snuff, " i.e. to inhale, to draw in through the nose; cf. Dutch snuf, scent, Ger. Schnupfen, a cold, catarrh, and Eng. " snuffle, " " sniff, " &c.)

SNUFF (from " to snuff, " i.e. to inhale, to draw in through the See also:

• NOSE (O.Eng. nosu, cf. Dutch neus, Swed. nos, snout; the Aix in Provence. Both at Aix and at Lyons he acquired great connexion with O.Eng. nasu is obscure, cf. Ger. Nase, Lat. pares, distinction by his labours during outbreaks of the plague. In nostrils,

nose; cf. Dutch snuf, See also:

• SCENT

scent, Ger. Schnupfen, a See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold, See also:

• CATARRH (from the Gr. Karappeiv, to flow down)

catarrh, and Eng. " snuffle, " " sniff, " &c.)  , the name of a powdered preparation of See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco used for inhalation (for the manufacture see TOBACCO) . The practice of inhaling See also:

• SNUFF (from " to snuff, " i.e. to inhale, to draw in through the nose; cf. Dutch snuf, scent, Ger. Schnupfen, a cold, catarrh, and Eng. " snuffle, " " sniff, " &c.)

snuff became See also:

• COMMON

common in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and throughout the 18th century it was universal . At first each quantity inhaled was fresh grated (Fr. rdper), whence the coarser kinds were later known as " rappee . " This entailed the snuff-taker carrying with him a grater with a small See also:

• SPOON (O. Eng. span, a chip or splinter of wood, cf. Du. spoon, Ger. Spahn, in same sense, probably related to Gr. r4 v, wedge)

spoon at one end and a See also:

• BOX
• BOX (Gr. irl or, Lat. buxus, box-wood; cf. 2r6Eir, a pyx)

box to hold the grated snuff at the other . See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early 18th-century graters made of See also:

• IVORY (Fr. ivoire, Lat. ebur)
• IVORY, SIR JAMES (1765-1842)

ivory and other material are in existence . Later the box and the grater were separated . The See also:

• ART

art and See also:

• CRAFT (a word common to Teutonic languages for strength, or power; cf. Ger. Kraft)

craft of the miniaturepainter, the enameller, jeweller and See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold- and See also:

• SILVER

silver-See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

smith was bestowed upon the box . The humbler snuff-takers were See also:

• CONTE

conte-tt with boxes of silver, See also:

• BRASS
• BRASS (O. Eng. braes)

brass or other See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal, See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• HORN, ARVID BERNHARD, COUNT (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

horn, See also:

• TORTOISE

tortoise-See also:

• SHELL
• SHELL (O. Eng. scell, scyll, cf. Du. sceel, shell, Goth. skalja, tile; the word means originally a thin flake,. cf. Swed. skalja, to peel off; it is allied to " scale " and " skill," from a root meaning to cleave, divide, separate)

shell or See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood . The See also:

• MULL

mull (q.v.), a silver-mounted See also:

• RAM
• RAM, PIERRE FRANCOIS XAVIER DE (18o4-1865)

ram's See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head, is a large table snuff-box . Though " snuff-taking " ceased to be See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion-able at the beginning of the 19th century, the gold and jewelled snuff-box has continued to be a typical See also:

• GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift of sovereigns to those whom they delight to See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour . This: word " snuff " must be distinguished from that meaning the charred See also:

• INCH (O. Eng. ynce from Lat. uncia, a twelfthpart; cf. " ounce," and see As)

inch of a See also:

• CANDLE (Lat. candela, from candere, to glow)

candle or See also:

• LAMP (from Gr. Xag ras, a torch, Xaµaav, to shine)

lamp, which is a variant of " snip " or " snop, " to cut off, See also:

• TRIM

trim, cf . See also:

• DAN

Dan. snubbe .

See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

Constant trimming or snuffing of candles was a See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity until obviated by the See also:

• MODERN

modern methods of candle manufacture, and the snuffers See also:

• CONE (Gr. Kwvos)

cone sisted of a pair of See also:

• SCISSORS

scissors with a closed box forming a receptacle for the charred See also:

• WICK

wick cut off; the snuffers usually had three small feet which allowed them to stand on a See also:

• TRAY

tray . Made of silver, silver-gilt or other metal, " snuffers " were formerly a decorative See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article of See also:

• PLATE

plate in the equipment of a See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household . There is a beautiful example of silver snuffers with See also:

• ENAMEL (formerly " amel," derived through the Fr. amail, emmll, esmail, from a Latin word smaltum, first found in a 9th-century life of Leo IV.)

enamel decorations in the See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum . These belonged to See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal See also:

• BAINBRIDGE, JOHN (1582-1643)
• BAINBRIDGE, WILLIAM (1774-1833)

Bainbridge and date from the reign of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VIII .