See also:

• SOKE (0. Eng. soc, connected ultimately with secan, to seek)

SOKE (0. Eng. See also:

• SOC

soc, connected ultimately with secan, to seek)  , a word which at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of the See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman See also:

• CONQUEST

Conquest generally denoted See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction, but was often used vaguely and is probably incapable of precise See also:

• DEFINITION (Lat. definitio, from de-finire, to set limits to, describe)

definition . In some cases it denoted the right to hold a See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, and in others only the right to receive the fines and forfeitures of the men over whom it was granted when they had been condemned in a court of competent jurisdiction . Its See also:

• PRIMARY

primary meaning seems to have been " seeking "; thus " soka faldae " was the See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty of seeking the lords court, just as " secta ad molendinum " was the duty of seeking the lords See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

mill . The " Leges Henrici " also speaks of pleas " in socna, id eat, in quaestione sua "—pleas which are in his investigation . It is evident, however, that not See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, after the Norman Conquest considerable doubt prevailed about the correct meaning of the word . In some versions of the much used See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract Interpretationes uocabulorum See also:

• SOKE (0. Eng. soc, connected ultimately with secan, to seek)

soke is defined " aver fraunc court," and in others as " interpellacio maioris audientiae," which is glossed some-what ambiguously as " claim a, justis et requeste." Soke is also frequently associated to " sak " or " See also:

• SAKE

sake " in the alliterative jingle " sake and soke," but the two words are not etymologically related . " Sake " is the Anglo-Saxon sacu," originally meaning a See also:

• MATTER

matter or cause (from sacan, to contend), and later the right to have a court . Soke, however; is the commoner word, and appears to have had a wider range of meaning . The See also:

• TERM

term " soke," unlike sake," was sometimes used of the See also:

• DISTRICT

district over which the right of jurisdiction extended . Mr See also:

• ADOLPHUS, JOHN LEYCESTER (1795-1862)

Adolphus Ballard has recently argued that the int°.rpretation of the word "soke " as jurisdiction should only be accepted where it stands for the See also:

• FULLER, ANDREW (1954-1815)
• FULLER, GEORGE (1822—1884)
• FULLER, M
• FULLER, MARGARET, MARCHIONESS
• FULLER, MELVILLE WESTON (1833-1910)
• FULLER, THOMAS (16o8-1661)
• FULLER, WILLIAM (1670--c. 1717)

fuller phrase, " sake and soke," and that soke See also:

• STANDING

standing by itself denoted services only . There are certainly many passages in Domesday See also:

• BOOK

Book which support his contention, but there are also other passages in which soke seems to be merely a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short expression for " sake and soke." The difficulties about the correct See also:

• INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)

interpretation of these words will probably not be solved until the normal functions and jurisdiction of the various See also:

• LOCAL

local courts have been more fully elucidated . " The sokemen " were a class of tenants, found chiefly in the eastern counties. occupying an intermediate position between See also:

• XXV

xxv .I^ • the See also:

• FREE

free tenants and the See also:

• BOND
• BOND, SIR EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1815-1898)

bond tenants or villains .

As a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• RULE

rule they were personally free, but performed many of the agricultural services of the villains . It is generally supposed they were called sokemen because they were within the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord's soke or jurisdiction . Mr Ballard, however, holds that a sokeman was merely a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man who rendered services, and that a sokeland was See also:

• LAND

land from which services were rendered, and was not nece sarily under the jurisdiction of a See also:

• MANOR

manor . The See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law term, See also:

• SOCAGE

socage, used of this See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure, is a barbarism, and is formed by adding the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age to See also:

• SOC

soc . See F . W . See also:

• MAITLAND (MAITLAND OF LETHINGTON), WILLIAM
• MAITLAND, EAST
• MAITLAND, EDWARD (1824-1897)
• MAITLAND, FREDERIC WILLIAM (1850-1906)
• MAITLAND, SIR RICHARD (LORD LETHINGTON) (1496-r586)

Maitland, Domesday Book and Beyond; J . H . See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

Round, Feudal See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England; F . H . See also:

• BARING

Baring, Domesday Tables; A . Ballard, The Domesday See also:

• INQUEST (O. Fr. enqueste, modern enqueete, from Lat.inquisitum, inquirere, to inquire)

Inquest; J .

See also:

• TAIT, ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL (1811-1882)
• TAIT, ARTHUR FITZWILLIAM (1819-1905)
• TAIT, PETER GUTHRIE (1831-1901)

Tait, See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

review of the last-mentioned book in See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical Review for See also:

• JANUARY

January 1908; Red Book of the Ex-chequer (Rolls See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

Series), iii . 1035 . (G . J .