SOURCES OF

See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

INFORMATION  .—The works mentioned above, and T . D . Acland, Some Account of the Origin and Objects of the New Oxford Examinations for the Title of Associate in Arts (London, 1858) ; Matthew Arnold, Higher Schools and Universities in Germany (1874) ; Graham Balfour, The Educational Systems of Great Britain and Ireland (2nd ed., Oxford, 1903); W . W . Rouse Ball, Origin and History of the Mathematical' Tripos (Cambridge, 1880) ; Adolf Beier, Die hoheren Schulen in Preussen and ilzre Lehrer (1902–1906) (in progress) ; Cloudesley Brereton, " A New Method of awarding Scholarships," School World, 1907, p . 409; G . C . Brodrick, A History of the University of Oxford (London, 1886) ; F . Buisson, Dictionnaire de pedagogie (1880—1887); Lord Curzon of Kedleston, Principles and Methods of University Reform (1909); J . Demogeot and H . Montucci, De l'enseignement superieur en Angleterre et en Ecosse (1870); H . Denifle, Die Universitdten des Mittelalters bis 1400 (Berlin, 1885) ; F .

Y .

Edgeworth, " The Statistics of Examinations," and " The Element of Chance in Competitive Examinations," Journal of the Statistical Society, 1888 and 1890 respectively; H . W . Eve, Lecture " On Marking," in The Practice of Education (Cambridge, 1883) ; Charles E . Fawsitt, The Education of the Examiner (Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow) (Glasgow, 1905) ; J . G . Fitch . " The Proposed Admission of Girls to the University Local Examination," Education Miscellanies (1865), vol. x.; W . Garnett, " The Representation of certain Examination Results," Journ . Statist . Soc . (Jan .

1910) ; G .

Stanley Hall, Adolescence (London, 1905) ; Sir W . Hamilton, Discussions on Philosophy (London, 1853) ; P . J . Hartog, " Universities, Schools and Examinations " in the University Review (July 1905); P . J . Hartog and Mrs A . H . Langdon, The Writing of English (1907) ; Auberon Herbert (edited by), The Sacrifice of Education to Examination, Letters from " All Sorts and Conditions of Men " (1889); Influence of Examinations, Report by a Committee, British Association Reports for 1903, p . 434. and for 1904, p . 360; John Jebb, Remarks upon the Present Mode of Education in the University of Cambridge (4th ed., 1774) ; Henry Latham, On the Action of Examinations (Cambridge, 1877); H . C .

Maxwell Lyte, A History of the University of Oxford to the Year 1530 (London, 1886) ; W . A . P . Martin, The Lore of Cathay (Edinburgh and London, 1901); J . B . Mullinger, The University of Cambridge (Cambridge, 1873) ; How to pass Examinations successfully, by an Oxford Coach; Mark Patti-son, Suggestions on Academical Organization (Edinburgh, 1868); Friedrich Paulsen, The German Universities and University Study (London, 1906) and Geschichte des gelehrten Unterrichts (Leipzig, 1896) ; George Peacock, Observations on the Statutes of the University of Cambridge (1841); Programme des examen du nouveau baccalaureat de l'enseignement secondaire, Delalain freres, Paris; Hastings Rashdall, The Universities of Europe in'the Middle Ages (Oxford, 1895); Rein's Encyklopadisches Handbuch der Padagogik (ended., 1902, &e.), articles " Prufungen " (by F . Paulsen), &c.; Third Report of the Royal Commissioners on Scientific Instructions, . 1873; J . E . ThoroId Rogers, Education in Oxford (1861) ; M . E . Sadler, "Memorandum on the Leaving Examinations .

. . in the Secondary Schools of

Prussia," in Report of Royal Commission on Secondary Education, vol . V. p . 27 (1895); C . A . Schmid, Geschichte der Erziehung (Stuttgart, 1884, &c.), and Encyklopddie des gesammten Erziekungs- and Unterrichtswesens (2nd ed., 1876-87), articles" Prufung," " Schulprufungen," " Versetzungsprufungen," &c . ; Scholarships, various papers on, by H . B . Baker, A . A . David, H . A . Miers, M .

E . Sadler and H . Bompas

Smith, and others, British Association Report, 1907,49 pp . 707-718; Arthur Schuster, article on " Universities and Examinations " in the University Review (May 1905) ; W . H . Sharp, The Educational System of Japan (Office of the Director-General of Education in India) (Bombay, 1906); Special Educational Reports, issued by the Board of Education, passim; A . M . M . Stedman, Oxford: its Life and Schools (London, 1887) ; I . Todhunter, Conflict of Studies (1873) ; William Whewell, Of a Liberal Education (London, 1845) ; Christopher Wordsworth, Scholae academicae (Cambridge, 1877) ; Etienne Zi (or Siu or Sell), Pratique des examens litteraires en Chine (Shanghai, 1894) . Private information from Professor M . E .

Sadler and Mr A . E . Twentyman . (P . J . H.; A .