See also:

• SPALATO, or SPALATRO (Serbo-Croatian Spljet or Split)

SPALATO, or SPALATRO (Serbo-Croatian Spljet or Split)  , an episcopal See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, and the centre of an administrative See also:

• DISTRICT

district, in See also:

• DALMATIA (Ger. Dalmatien; Ital. Dalmazia; Serbo-Croatian, Dalmacija)

Dalmatia, See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, and on the Adriatic See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea . Pop . (1900), of See also:

• TOWN

town and See also:

• COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common)
• COMMUNE, MEDIEVAL

commune, 27,198; chiefly Serbo-Croatian, and almost exclusively See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic . See also:

• SPALATO, or SPALATRO (Serbo-Croatian Spljet or Split)

Spalato is situated ' on the seaward See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of a See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula between the Gulf of Brazza and the Gulf of Salona . Though not the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital, it is commercially the most important city in Dalmatia and carries on an extensive See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine and oil . It is a See also:

• PORT

port of See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call for the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

• LLOYD, EDWARD (1845— )
• LLOYD, WILLIAM (1627–1717)
• LLOYD, WILLIAM WATKISS (1813–1893)

Lloyd steamers, and communicates by See also:

• RAIL

rail with See also:

• SEBENICO (Serbo-Croatian, Sibenik)

Sebenico, Knin and Sinj . Spalato has a striking sea-front, fn which the leading feature is the ruined See also:

• FACADE

facade of the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of See also:

• DIOCLETIAN (GAIUs AURELIUS VALERIUS DIOCLETIANUS) (A.D. 245–313)
• DIOCLETIAN, EDICT OF (De Pretiis rerum venalium)

Diocletian, to which the city owes its origin . A large See also:

• PART

part of Spalato is actually within the limit of the palace; and many See also:

• MODERN

modern houses are built against its See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient walls and incorporate parts of them, not only on the inner but also on the See also:

• OUTER

outer side . This palace was erected between A.D . 290 and 310 . In ground See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan it is almost a square, with a quadrangular See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower at each of the four corners . It covers 91 acres .

There were originally four See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates, with four streets See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the quadrangle, after the See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of a Roman See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp . The eastern See also:

• GATE

gate, or Porta Aenea, is destroyed, but, though the side towers are gone, the western gate, or Porta Ferrea, and the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main entrance of the See also:

• BUILDING

building, the beautiful Porta Aurea, in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north front, are still in fairly See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good preservation . The streets are lined with massive arcades . The See also:

• VESTIBULE (from Lat. vestibulum)

vestibule now forms the Piazza del Duomo or See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral square; to the north-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of this lies the See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of See also:

• JUPITER

Jupiter, or perhaps the See also:

• MAUSOLEUM

mausoleum . This has See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long been the cathedral of St Doimo or Domnius, small and dark, but noteworthy for its finely carved See also:

• CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir stalls . To the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-east is the temple of See also:

• AESCULAPIUS (Gr. 'AoKXiprtos)

Aesculapius, which served originally as a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel, and has long been transformed into a See also:

• BAPTISTERY (Baptislerium, in the Greek Church 4wrurrilpiov)

baptistery . A beautiful Romanesque campanile was added to the baptistery in the 14th and 15th centuries . Architecturally the most important of the many striking features of the palace is the arrangement in the vestibule by which the supporting See also:

• ARCHES, COURT OF

arches See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring directly from the capitals of the large See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite Corinthian columns . This, as far as the known remains of ancient See also:

• ART

art are concerned, is the first instance of such a method . The ruins of Salona or Salonae, lying about 4 m. north-east of the palace, were chiefly exhumed during a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of excavations undertaken after the visit of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis I. in 1818 . See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

Research was carried on regularly from 1821 to 1827, and again from 1842 to 185o . It was afterwards resumed at intervals until 1877, when the excavation See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee was granted an See also:

• ANNUAL

annual See also:

• SUBSIDY (through Fr. from Lat. subsidium, reserve troops, aid, assistance, from subsidere, literally " to sit or remain behind or in reserve,")

subsidy by the Austrian See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government .

Many discoveries were made, including the ruins of a See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre, See also:

• AMPHITHEATRE (Gr. 441, around, and O&arpov, a place for spectators)

amphitheatre, city walls and gates, See also:

• BATHS

baths, aqueducts, See also:

• PAGAN
• PAGAN (Lat. paganus, of or belonging to a pagus, a canton, county district, village, commune)

pagan and See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian cemeteries, basilicas and many fragments of houses and arches . See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor F . Bulie, who had See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the See also:

• WORK

work and of the museum at Spalato, reported in 1894 that the collection of See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor See also:

• OBJECTS

objects comprised " 2034 See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions, 387 sculptures, 176 architectural pieces, 1548 fragments or objects of terra-See also:

• COTTA
• COTTA, BERNHARD VON (1808—1879)
• COTTA, GAIUS AURELIUS (c. 124—73 B.c.)

cotta and vases, 1243 objects of See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass, 3184 of See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal, 929 of See also:

• BONE (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, in many of which it is confined to the shank of the leg, as in the German Bein)
• BONE, HENRY (1755-1834)

bone, 1229 gems, 128 objects from prehistoric times, and 15,000 coins " (See also:

• MUNRO, HUGH ANDREW JOHNSTONE (1819-1885)
• MUNRO, MUNRO
• MUNRO, SIR HECTOR (1726-1805)
• MUNRO, SIR THOMAS (1761-1827)

Munro, p . 244) . These are preserved in the museum . One See also:

• VASE
• VASE (through Fr. from Lat. vas, a vessel, pl. vasa, of which the singular vasum is rarely found; the ultimate root is probably was-, to cover, seen in Lat: vestis, clothing, Eng. " vest," Gr. to-th c, and also in " wear," of garments)

vase, of Corinthian workmanship, See also:

• DATES

dates from the 6th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century B.c.; and many of the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early Christian See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics are of unusual See also:

• INTEREST

interest . The so-called " cyclopean " walls, mortarless, but constructed of neatly squared and fitted blocks, are probably of Roman workmanship . See also:

• JACKSON
• JACKSON, ANDREW (1767-1845)
• JACKSON, CYRIL (1746-1819)
• JACKSON, FREDERICK GEORGE (186o– )
• JACKSON, HELEN MARIA (1831–1885)
• JACKSON, MASON (c. 1820-1903)
• JACKSON, THOMAS (1579-1640)
• JACKSON, THOMAS JONATHAN (1824-1863)
• JACKSON, WILLIAM (1730-1803)

Jackson suggests that perhaps, like the long walls at See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens, they were intended to unite the city with its port . Salona under the early Roman emperors was one of the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief ports of the Adriatic, on one of the most central sites in the Roman See also:

• WORLD

world . Made a Roman See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony after its second See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture by the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans (78 B.c.), it appears as Colonia Martia Julia and Colonia Claudia See also:

• AUGUSTA

Augusta Pia Veteranorum, and bears at different periods the titles of respublica, conventus, See also:

• METROPOLIS (Gr. piir17Pi mother, srGXis, city)

metropolis, praefectura . and praetorium . Diocletian died in 313; and before long the city became an episcopal see, with St Doimo as its first See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop . The palace was transformed into an imperial See also:

• CLOTH

cloth factory, and, as most of the workers were See also:

• WOMEN

women, it became known as the gynaecium .

Salona was several times taken and retaken by the Goths and See also:

• HUNS

Huns before 639, when it was sacked and nearly destroyed by the See also:

• AVARS

Avars . Its inhabitants fled to the Dalmatian islands, but returned shortly afterwards to found a new city within the walls of the palace . Salona itself was not entirely deserted until the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the 12th century . In 65o the papal See also:

• LEGATE (Lat. legatus, past part. of legare, to send as deputy)
• LEGATE, BARTHOLOMEW (c. 1575-1612)

legate, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John of See also:

• RAVENNA
• RAVENNA, EXARCHATE OF

Ravenna, was created bishop of Spalato, as the new city was named . " Spalato," or " Spalatro " (a very old spelling), was long regarded as a corruption of Salonae Palatium; but its true origin is doubtful . The most ancient See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form is Aspalathum, used in the loth century by See also:

• CONSTANTINE

Constantine Porphyrogenitus . Spalathum, Spalathrum and Spalatrum are early variants: In a few years Spalato became an archbishopric, and its holders were metropolitans of all Dalmatia until 1033 . In 1105 Spalato became a See also:

• VASSAL (Fr. vassal, vassaut, vassault, &c,)

vassal See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary; in 1327 it revolted to See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice; in 1357 it returned to its See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance . It was ruled by the Bosnian See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, Tvrtko, from 1390 to 1391; and in 1402 the famous and powerful Bosnian See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince, Hrvoje or Harvoye, received the dukedom of Spalato from See also:

• LADISLAUS [I.]

Ladislaus of See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples, the claimant to the Hungarian See also:

• THRONE

throne . In 1413, after the overthrow of Ladislaus by the emperor See also:

• SIGISMUND (1368-1437)

Sigismund, Hrvoje was banished; but a large octagonal tower, the Torre d'Harvoye, still bears his name . Spalato received a Venetian See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison in 1420, and ceased to have an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent See also:

• HISTORY

history . The See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle and city walls, erected by the Venetians between 1645 and 1670. were dismantled after 1807 .

See T . G . Jackson, Dalmatia, the Quarnero and See also:

• ISTRIA (Ger. Istrien)

Istria (See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, 1887) ; and E . A . See also:

• FREEMAN
• FREEMAN, EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1823-1892)

Freeman, Subject and See also:

• NEIGHBOUR (O. Eng. neahgebiir, from Walt, " nigh," " near ")

Neighbour Lands of Venice (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1881), for a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general description of Spalato, its antiquities and history . A valuable See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the researches at Salona is given in R . Munro, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Dalmatia (London, 1900), There are two magnificently illustrated volumes which See also:

• DEAL

deal with Diocletian's palace: R . See also:

• ADAM
• ADAM (or ADAN) DE LE HALE (died c. 1288)
• ADAM, ALEXANDER (1741–1809)
• ADAM, JULIETTE (1836– )
• ADAM, LAMBERT SIGISBERT (1700-1759)
• ADAM, MELCHIOR (d. 1622)
• ADAM, PAUL (1862– )
• ADAM, ROBERT (1728—1792)
• ADAM, SIR FREDERICK (1781-1853)
• ADAM, WILLIAM (1751-1839)

Adam, Ruins of the Palace of the Emperor Diocletian at Spalatro, in Dalmatia (London, 1764), engravings by See also:

• BARTOLOZZI, FRANCESCO (1725-1815)

Bartolozzi; and L . J . Cassas and J . Lavallee, Voyage pittoresque et historique de l'Istrie (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1802) . The Dalmatian See also:

• CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF

chronicles, reproduced by G .

Lucio in his De regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae (See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam, 1666), include several which deal specially with Salona and Spalato . The most important is the Historia salonitanorum pontificum et spalatensium, by See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas, See also:

• ARCHDEACON (Lat. archidiaconus, Gr. &oxt3tauovor)

archdeacon of Spalato (1200-1268) .