JARED See also:

• JARED SPARKS (1789-1866)

SPARKS (1789-1866)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American historian and educationalist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in Willington, Tolland See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, See also:

• CONNECTICUT

Connecticut, on the loth of May 1789 . He studied in the See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, worked for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time at the See also:

• CARPENTER, LANT (1780-1840)
• CARPENTER, MIRY (1807-1877)
• CARPENTER, WILLIAM BENJAMIN (1813-1885)

carpenter's See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, and then became a school-teacher . In 18o9-1811 he attended See also:

• PHILLIPS
• PHILLIPS, ADELAIDE (1833-1882)
• PHILLIPS, EDWARD (163o-1696)
• PHILLIPS, JOHN (1800—1874)
• PHILLIPS, SAMUEL (1814—1854)
• PHILLIPS, STEPHEN (1868– )
• PHILLIPS, THOMAS (1770-1845)
• PHILLIPS, WENDELL (1811-1884)

Phillips See also:

• EXETER
• EXETER, EARL, MARQUESS AND DUKE OF

Exeter See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy, where he met See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John G . See also:

• PALFREY
• PALFREY, JOHN GORHAM (1796-1881)

Palfrey and See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• BANCROFT, GEORGE (1800—1891)
• BANCROFT, HUBERT HOWE (1832– )
• BANCROFT, RICHARD (1544–161o)
• BANCROFT, SIR SQUIRE (1841– )

Bancroft, two schoolmates, who became his lifelong See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends . He graduated at Harvard (A.B., in 1815 and A.M., in 1818); taught in a private school at See also:

• LANCASTER
• LANCASTER, HOUSE OF
• LANCASTER, JOHN OF GAUNT
• LANCASTER, JOSEPH (1778-1838)
• LANCASTER, SIR JAMES (f1. 1591—1618)
• LANCASTER, THOMAS, EARL OF (c. 1277-1322)

Lancaster, See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, in 1815-1817; and studied See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology and was See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor in See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics and natural See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy at Harvard in 1817-1819 . In 1817-1818 he was acting editor of the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North American See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review . He was pastor of the First See also:

• INDEPENDENT

Independent See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church (Unitarian) of See also:

• BALTIMORE
• BALTIMORE, GEORGE CALVERT, 1ST BARON (C. 1580—1632)

Baltimore, See also:

• MARYLAND

Maryland, in 1819-1823, Dr See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• ELLERY, WILLIAM (1727 — 1820)

Ellery See also:

• CHANNING, WILLIAM ELLERY (1780–1842)

Channing delivering at his ordination his famous discourse on " Unitarian See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity." During this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period See also:

• SPARKS, JARED (1789-1866)

Sparks founded the Unitarian See also:

• MISCELLANY

Miscellany and See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• MONITOR (from Lat. monere, to warn, advise)

Monitor (1821), a monthly, and edited its first three volumes; he was See also:

• CHAPLAIN

chaplain of the See also:

• NATIONAL

national See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of Representati'ees in 1821-1823; and he contributed to the National Intelligencer and other See also:

• PERIODICALS

periodicals . In 1823 his See also:

• HEALTH

health failed and he withdrew from the See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry . Removing to See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston, he bought and edited in 1824-1830 the North American Review, contributing to it about fifty articles . He founded and edited, in 183o the American See also:

• ALMANAC

Almanac and Repository of Useful Know-ledge, which was continued by others and See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long remained a popular See also:

• ANNUAL

annual . After extensive researches at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home and (1828-1829) in See also:

• LONDON

London and See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, he published the See also:

• LIFE

Life and Writings of George See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington (12 vols., 1834-1837; redated 1842), his most important See also:

• WORK

work; and in 1839 he published separately the Life of George Washington (abridged, 2 vols., 1842) . The work was for the most See also:

• PART

part favourably received, but Sparks was severely criticized by See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Mahon (in the See also:

• SIXTH

sixth See also:

• VOLUME

volume of his See also:

• HISTORY

History of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England) and others for altering the See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text of some of Washington's writings .

Sparks defended his methods in A Reply to the Strictures of Lord Mahon and Others (1852) . The charges were not wholly justifiable, and later Lord Mahon (See also:

• STANHOPE, EARLS
• STANHOPE, LADY HESTER LUCY (1776-1839)

Stanhope) modified them . While continuing his studies abroad, in 184o-1841,, in the history of the American See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Independence, Sparks discovered in the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French archives the red-See also:

• LINE

line See also:

• MAP
• MAP (or MAPES), WALTER (d. c. 1208/9)

map, which, in 1842, came into See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

international prominence in connexion with the dispute over the north-eastern boundary of the See also:

• UNITED

United States . In 1842 he delivered twelve lectures on American history before the See also:

• LOWELL
• LOWELL, ABBOTT LAWRENCE (1856— )
• LOWELL, CHARLES RUSSELL (1835-1864)
• LOWELL, JAMES RUSSELL (1819-1891)
• LOWELL, JOHN (1743-1802)

Lowell See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute in Boston . In 1839-1849 he was McLean See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient and See also:

• MODERN

modern history at Harvard . His See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment to this position, says his biographer, was " the first See also:

• ACADEMIC

academic encouragement of American history, and of See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• SQUADRON

squadron of 5 line of battleships, of which 2 were of 8o guns, conveying a number of See also:

• STORE (from O. Fr. estor or estoire, Late Lat. staurum or instaurum, stock, provisions, supply, from the late use of instaurare, to provide, properly to construct, renew, restore)

store See also:

• SHIPS

ships to See also:

• LISBON (Lisboa)

Lisbon, was See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research in the American See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field." In 1849 Sparks succeeded See also:

• EDWARD

Edward See also:

• EVERETT
• EVERETT, ALEXANDER HILL (1790-1847)
• EVERETT, CHARLES CARROLL (1829-1900)
• EVERETT, EDWARD (1794–1865)

Everett as See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of Harvard . He retired in 1853 on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of failing health, and devoted the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of his life to his private studies . For several years he was a member of the Massachusetts See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of See also:

• EDUCATION

education . He died on the 14th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1866, in See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

Mass . His valuable collection of See also:

• MANUSCRIPTS

manuscripts and papers went to Harvard; and his private library and his maps were bought by Cornell University . He was a See also:

• PIONEER

pioneer in See also:

• COLLECTING

collecting, on a large See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale, documentary material on American history, and in this and in other ways rendered valuable services to historical scholarship in the United States . Among Sparks's publications not already mentioned, are See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs of the Life and Travels of John See also:

• LEDYARD, JOHN (1751–1789)

Ledyard (1828); The See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

Diplomatic See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

Correspondence the American Revolution (12 vols., 1829—183o; redated 1854) ; Life e Gouverneur See also:

• MORRIS
• MORRIS [MORRISON], CLARA (1849– )
• MORRIS, GOUVERNEUR (1752–1816)
• MORRIS, JOHN (1810-1886)
• MORRIS, RICHARD (1833–1894)
• MORRIS, ROBERT (1734–1806)
• MORRIS, SIR LEWIS (1833–1907)
• MORRIS, WILLIAM (1834-1896)

Morris, with Selections from his Correspondence and See also:

• MISCELLANEOUS

Miscellaneous Papers (3 vols., 1832) ; A Collection of the See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

Familiar Letters and Miscellaneous Papers of See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin See also:

• FRANKLIN
• FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (1706-1790)
• FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN (1786-1847)
• FRANKLIN, WILLIAM BUEL (1823-1903)

Franklin (1833); The See also:

• WORKS

Works of Benjamin Franklin; with Notes and a Life of the Author (lo vols., 1836—184o; redated 185o), a work second in See also:

• SCOPE (through Ital. scopo, aim, purpose, intent, from Gr. o'KOaos, mark to shoot at, aim, o ic07reiv, to see, whence the termination in telescope, microscope, &c.)

scope and importance to his Washington; Correspondence of the American Revolution; being Letters of Eminent Men to George Washington, from the Time of his taking Command of the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

Army to the End of his See also:

• PRESIDENCY

Presidency (4 vols., 1853) .

He also edited the Library of American See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

Biography, in two See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series' (to and 15 vols. respectively, 1834—1838, 1844—1847), to which he contributed the lives of Ethan See also:

• ALLEN, BOG OF
• ALLEN, ETHAN (1739–1789)
• ALLEN, GRANT CHARLES GRANT BLAIRFINDIEI, (1848–1899)
• ALLEN, JAMES LANE (1850– )
• ALLEN, JOHN (1476–1534)
• ALLEN, or ALLEYN, THOMAS (1542-1632)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM (1532-1594)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM FRANCIS (183o-1889)

Allen, See also:

• BENEDICT (BENEDICTUS)
• BENEDICT, SIR JULIUS (1804-1885)

Benedict See also:

• ARNOLD
• ARNOLD, BENEDICT (1741-1801)
• ARNOLD, GOTTFRIED (1666-1714)
• ARNOLD, MATTHEW (1822-1888)
• ARNOLD, SAMUEL (1740--18o2)
• ARNOLD, SIR EDWIN (1832-1904)
• ARNOLD, THOMAS (1745-1842)

Arnold, See also:

• MARQUETTE
• MARQUETTE, JACQUES (1637–1675)

Marquette, La Salle, See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count See also:

• PULASKI, CASIMIR, COUNT (1748-1779)

Pulaski, John See also:

• RIBAULT (or RIBAUT), JEAN (c. 1520-1565)

Ribault, See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• LEE
• LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
• LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
• LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
• LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
• LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
• LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
• LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
• LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
• LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
• LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
• LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
• LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
• LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)

Lee and John Ledyard, the last a reprint of his earlier work . In addition, he aided See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry D . See also:

• GILPIN, BERNARD (1517-1583)

Gilpin in preparing an edition of the Papers of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• MADISON
• MADISON, JAMES (1751–1836)

Madison (184o), and brought out an American edition of William See also:

• SMYTH (or SMITH), JOHN (c. 1570-1612)
• SMYTH (or SMITH), WILLIAM (c. 1460-1514)
• SMYTH, CHARLES
• SMYTH, SIR WARINGTON WILKINSON (1817-1890)

Smyth's Lectures on Modern History (2 vols., 1841), which did much to stimulate historical study in the United States . See See also:

• HERBERT (FAMILY)
• HERBERT, GEORGE (1593-1633)
• HERBERT, HENRY WILLIAM
• HERBERT, SIR THOMAS (1606-1682)

Herbert B . See also:

• ADAMS
• ADAMS, ANDREW LEITH (1827-1882)
• ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS (1807-1886)
• ADAMS, HENRY (1838— )
• ADAMS, HENRY CARTER (1852— )
• ADAMS, HERBERT (i858— )
• ADAMS, HERBERT BAXTER (1850—1901)
• ADAMS, JOHN (1735–1826)
• ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY (1767-1848)
• ADAMS, SAMUEL (1722-1803)
• ADAMS, THOMAS (d. c. 1655)
• ADAMS, WILLIAM (d. 162o)

Adams, The Life and Writings of Jared Sparks (2 vols., Boston, 1893) ; also Brantz See also:

• MAYER, JOHANN TOBIAS (1723-1762)
• MAYER, JULIUS ROBERT (1814-1878)

Mayer, Memoir of Jared Sparks (1867), prepared for the Maryland Historical Society; and George E . See also:

• ELLIS (originally SHARPE), ALEXANDER JOHN (1814-189o)
• ELLIS, GEORGE (1753-1815)
• ELLIS, ROBINSON (1834- )
• ELLIS, SIR HENRY (1777-1869)
• ELLIS, WILLIAM (1794 – 1872)

Ellis, Memoir of Jared Sparks (1869), reprinted from the Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society for May 1868 . (W . L .