See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN HANNING See also:

• SPEKE, HUGH (1656-c. 1724)
• JOHN HANNING SPEKE (1827-1864)

SPEKE (1827-1864)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English explorer, discoverer of the source of the See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 4th of May 1827 at Jordans near Ilminster, See also:

• SOMERSETSHIRE

Somersetshire . On his See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side he descended from the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• YORKSHIRE

Yorkshire See also:

• FAMILY

family of Espec, a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of which migrated to See also:

• SOMERSET, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• SOMERSET, EDMUND BEAUFORT, DUKE OF (c. 1404–1455)
• SOMERSET, EDWARD SEYMOUR, DUKE OF (c. 1506–1552)
• SOMERSET, LORD ROBERT EDWARD HENRY (1776-1842)
• SOMERSET, ROBERT CARR (or KER), EARL OF (e. 1590-1645)

Somerset in the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . His See also:

• MOTHER

mother was a See also:

• MISS

Miss Georgina Hanning, of Dillington See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park, Somerset . Through his mother's See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence with the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• WELLINGTON
• WELLINGTON, ARTHUR WELLESLEY, 1ST DUKE OF (1769-1852)

Wellington he obtained a See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission in the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

Army, which he entered in 1844 . He served in See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• COLIN, ALEXANDRE (1526-1612)

Colin See also:

• CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
• CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
• CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN
• CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
• CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
• CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
• CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)

Campbell's See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division in the See also:

• PUNJAB

Punjab See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns, and acquired considerable repute both as a soldier and as a sportsman and naturalist . When on furlough See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain See also:

• SPEKE, HUGH (1656-c. 1724)
• SPEKE, JOHN HANNING (1827-1864)

Speke had explored portions of the Himalayas, had crossed the frontier into See also:

• TIBET, or THIBET

Tibet and mapped See also:

• PART

part of its See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-western districts; but his See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention was at an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early date turned to the See also:

• GREAT

great problems of See also:

• AFRICAN

African See also:

• GEOGRAPHY (Gr. yil, earth, and ypiickty, to write)

geography, and in 1854 he began his brief and brilliant African career by joining Captain (afterwards Sir) See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• BURTON, JOHN HILL (1809–1881)
• BURTON, ROBERT (1577-1640)
• BURTON, SIR FREDERICK WILLIAM (1816–f goo)
• BURTON, SIR RICHARD FRANCIS (1821-1890)
• BURTON, WILLIAM EVANS (1804-1860)

Burton in an expedition into the interior of See also:

• SOMALILAND

Somaliland, the incidents of which are narrated in What led to the See also:

• DISCOVERY

Discovery of the Source of the Nile (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1864) . In See also:

• APRIL

April 18J4 the expedition was attacked by Somalis near See also:

• BERBERA

Berbera, one officer being killed, Burton slightly, and Speke severely wounded . Invalided See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home, Speke shortly afterwards volunteered for the See also:

• CRIMEA (ancient Tauris or Tauric Chersonese, called by the Russians by the Tatar name Krym or Crim)

Crimea and served during the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with a See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment of See also:

• TURKS

Turks . In 1856 he accepted an invitation from Burton to join an expedition to verify the reports as to the existence of great lakes in See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east central See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, and especially to try and find See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake Nyassa . The route to Nyassa was closed by the See also:

• ARABS

Arabs, and the travellers See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• ZANZIBAR

Zanzibar in See also:

• JUNE

June 1857 by a more northerly route, which brought them by See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November to a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place called Kaze in See also:

• UNYAMWEZI

Unyamwezi . Here they learnt from an Arab trader that further inland were three great lakes—and Speke leapt to the conclusion that the most northerly of the three would prove to be the source of the Nile . Continuing westward in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1858 the travellers reached Lake See also:

• TANGANYIKA (a name said by V. L. Cameron to signify a " mixing-place ")

Tanganyika, of which they made a partial exploration, Speke marking on his See also:

• MAP
• MAP (or MAPES), WALTER (d. c. 1208/9)

map the mountains which See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close in the lake to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north, " Mountains of the See also:

• MOON (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maan, Dan. maane, &c., and cognate with such Indo-Germanic forms as Gr. µlip, Sans. ma's, Irish mi, &c.; Lat. uses luna, i.e. lucna, the shining one, lucere, to shine, for the moon, but preserves the word i
• MOON, SIR RICHARD, 1ST BARONET (1814-1899)

Moon." By June they were back at Kaze, and here Speke induced hig See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief, who was See also:

• ILL

ill, to allow him to See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to reach the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern lake .

Marching north for twenty-five days, on the 3oth of See also:

• JULY

July Speke reached a See also:

• CREEK
• CREEK (Mid. Eng. crike or creke, common to many N. European languages)

creek, along which he travelled till, on the 3rd of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August, he saw it open up into the See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters of a lake extending northward to thehorizon . He no longer doubted that this lake—the See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria See also:

• NYANZA (from the ancient Bantu root word anza, a river or lake)

Nyanza—was the source of the Nile . Returning to Kaze (August 25) he made known his discovery to Burton, who did not believe Speke's theories . The explorers reached Zanzibar early in 1859, Speke hastened back to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in advance of his comrade, and at once made public his discoveries and conclusions . Despite the See also:

• SCEPTICISM (o-Kesrroµai, I consider, reflect, hesitate, doubt)

scepticism of his See also:

• FELLOW

fellow traveller and many geographers, he secured the support of Sir See also:

• RODERICK

Roderick See also:

• MURCHISON, SIR RODERICK IMPEY (1792-1871)

Murchison, See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the Royal See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

Geographical Society, under whose direction a new expedition, expressly intended to solve the Nile problem, was fitted out . Of this expedition Speke had the command, his only See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

companion being Captain (after-wards See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel) J . A . See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

Grant (q.v.) . The expedition, over 200 men all told, started from Zanzibar in See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1860 and reached Kaze on the 24th of January 1861 . Despite illness and the hostility and extortions of the natives the Victoria Nyanza was again reached, at its south-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west corner, in October 1861 . Following the western shores of the lake Speke crossed the See also:

• KAGERA

Kagera on the 16th of January 1862, and arrived at the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of See also:

• UGANDA

Uganda on the 19th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February following . Here he was detained by the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, Mtesa, for some months, but at last prevailed on the chief to furnish him with guides, and on the 28th of July Speke stood at the spot where the Nile issued from the lake .

The great discovery was made, the problem which had baffled all previous efforts—extending over 2000 years—was solved . The troubles of the travellers were, however, by no means over; with difficulty they obtained permission to enter See also:

• UNYORO

Unyoro, and with difficulty were allowed to leave, without being permitted to visit another large lake (the See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert Nyanza) of whose existence and connexion with the Nile they learned . As far as possible Speke and Grant followed the course of the Nile, and on the 3rd of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December came in See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch with the outside See also:

• WORLD

world once more, striking in 30 10' 37" N. an outpost established at the See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• PETHERICK, JOHN (1813–1882)

Petherick, See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• CONSUL
• CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)

consul at See also:

• KHARTUM

Khartum, who had been charged with a See also:

• MISSION

mission for the See also:

• RELIEF

relief of the explorers . On the 15th of February 1863 they arrived at See also:

• GONDOKORO

Gondokoro, the See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian See also:

• POST

post on the Nile marking the limit of navigability from the north . At Gondokoro they met Sir See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel (then Mr) See also:

• BAKER, HENRY (1698-1774)
• BAKER, SIR BENJAMIN (1840-1907)
• BAKER, SIR RICHARD (1568-1644/5)
• BAKER, SIR SAMUEL WHITE (1821-1893)
• BAKER, THOMAS (1656-1740)
• BAKER, VALENTINE [BAKER PASHA] (1827-1887)

Baker, generously giving him the See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information which enabled him to discover the Albert Nyanza . From Khartum Speke telegraphed to London the great See also:

• NEWS

news that the Nile had been traced to its source, and on his return to England he was received with much See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm . In the same See also:

• YEAR

year (1863) he published his See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile, a See also:

• WORK

work full of geographical, ethnological and zoological information, and written in a See also:

• FRANK, JAKOB (1726-1791)

frank, attractive See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style . The accuracy of his observations and the correctness of his See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main deductions have been since abundantly justified . But as Speke had not been able to follow the Nile the whole way from the Victoria Nyanza to Gondokoro, and as the part played in the Nile regime by the Albert Nyanza was then unknown, Burton and others remained unconvinced, and Speke's conclusions were criticized in The Nile See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

Basin (1864), a See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of Burton and See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James McQueen; it being argued in this work that Tanganyika was the true Nile source . It was arranged that Speke should meet Burton at the See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting of the geographical See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section of the British Association at See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

Bath on the 16th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September and publicly debate the question of the Nile source . On the previous afternoon Speke was out See also:

• PARTRIDGE (Du. Patrijs, Fr. perdrix, from Lat. perdix, apparently onomatopoeic from the call of the bird)
• PARTRIDGE, JOHN BERNARD (1861– )
• PARTRIDGE, WILLIAM ORDWAY (1861– )

partridge See also:

• SHOOTING

shooting at See also:

• BOX
• BOX (Gr. irl or, Lat. buxus, box-wood; cf. 2r6Eir, a pyx)

Box, near Bath . In getting over a See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall he laid down his See also:

• GUN

gun at See also:

• HALF

half See also:

• COCK, EDWARD (1805-1892)

cock .

See also:

• DRAWING

Drawing the weapon towards him by the muzzle one See also:

• BARREL (a word of uncertain origin common to Romance languages; the Celtic forms, as in the Gaelic baraill, are derived from the English)

barrel exploded and entered his See also:

• CHEST (Gr. Kiarl, Lat. cista, O. Eng. cist, test, &c.)

chest, inflicting a See also:

• WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")

wound from which Speke died in a few minutes . A See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite See also:

• OBELISK (Gr. b/3EXivrcos, diminutive of OEMs, a spit)

obelisk to his memory was erected by public subscription in See also:

• KENSINGTON

Kensington Gardens . See, besides the See also:

• WORKS

works mentioned, Sir R . F . Burton, The Lake Regions of Central Africa (London, 186o) ; J . A . Grant, A Walk across Africa (London, 1864) ; T . D . See also:

• MURRAY
• MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
• MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
• MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
• MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
• MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
• MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
• MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
• MURRAY, JOHN
• MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
• MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
• MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
• MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
• MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )

Murray and A . S . See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

White, Sir Samuel Baker: a Memoir (London, 1895) ; The Times (See also:

• SEPT

Sept . 17 and 19, 1864) ; Sir H .

H . See also:

• JOHNSTON, ALBERT SIDNEY (1803–1862)
• JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER (1849-1888)
• JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER KEITH (1804-1871)
• JOHNSTON, ARTHUR (1587-1641)
• JOHNSTON, J
• JOHNSTON, JOSEPH EGGLESTON (1807-1891)
• JOHNSTON, SIR HENRY HAMILTON (1858- )

Johnston, The Nile Quest (London, n. d . [1903]) .