See also:

• SPINACH (Spinacia oleracea)

SPINACH (Spinacia oleracea)  , an See also:

• ANNUAL

annual plant, a member, of the natural See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order Chenopodiaceae,. which has been See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long cultivated for the See also:

• SAKE

sake of its succulent leaves . It is probably of See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian origin, being introduced into See also:

• EUROPE

Europe about the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . It should be grown on See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good ground, well worked and well manured; and for the summer crops abundant watering will be necessary . The first See also:

• SOWING (from "to sow," O. Eng. shwan, cf. Du. zaaijen, Ger. saen, &c.; the root is seen in Lat. severe, cf. "seed")

sowing of See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter See also:

• SPINACH (Spinacia oleracea)

spinach should be made See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August, and another, towards the end of that See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month, in some sheltered but not shaded situation, in rows 18 in. apart—the See also:

• PLANTS

plants, as they advance, being thinned, and the ground hoed . By the beginning of winter the See also:

• OUTER

outer leaves will have become See also:

• FIT

fit for use, and if the See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather is mild successive gatherings may be obtained up to the beginning of May . The prickly-seeded and the See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders are the best for winter; and these should he thinned out early in the autumn to about 2 in. apart, and later of resisting the penetration of the ointment into their substance . See also:

• PLINY, THE ELDER
• PLINY, THE YOUNGER

Pliny also recommends See also:

• ALABASTER
• ALABASTER, or ARBLASTIER, WILLIAM (1567-1640)

alabaster for ointment vases . For small quantities See also:

• ONYX

onyx vessels seem to have been used (See also:

• HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace . See also:

• CARAT (Arab. Oral, weight of four grains; Gr. Kep6Tro11, little horn, the fruit of the carob or locust tree)

Carat. iv . 12, lines to, 17) . on to 6 in . The See also:

• LETTUCE

lettuce-leaved is a good succulent winter sort, but not quite so See also:

• HARDY, ALEXANDRE (1569?-1631)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS DUFFUS (1804-1878)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS MASTERMAN
• HARDY, THOMAS (1840- )

hardy .

To afford a See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession of summer spinach, the seeds should be sown about the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February, and again in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March; after this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period small quantities should be sown once a fortnight, as summer spinach lasts but a very See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . They are generally sown in shallow drills, between the lines of peas . If a See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot of ground has to be wholly occupied, the rows should be about 1 ft. apart . The See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round-seeded is the best sort for summer use . The See also:

• ORACH, or MOUNTAIN SPINACH

Orach or See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

Mountain Spinach (Atriplex hortensis), a member of the same order, is a tall-growing hardy annual, whose leaves, though coarsely flavoured, are used as a substitute for spinach, and to correct the acidity of See also:

• SORREL

sorrel . The See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white and the See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green are the most desirable varieties . The plant should be grown quickly in See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich See also:

• SOIL

soil . It may be sown in rows 2 ft. apart, and about the same distance in the See also:

• ROW, JOHN (c. 1525—1580)

row, about March, and for succession again in See also:

• JUNE

June . If needful, See also:

• WATER

water must be freely given, so as to maintain a rapid growth . The New See also:

• ZEALAND (also SEALAND Or SEELAND; Danish Sjaelland)

Zealand Spinach (Tetragonia expansar), natural order Ficoideae, is a See also:

• HALF

half-hardy annual, native of New Zealand, sometimes used as a substitute for spinach during the summer months, but in every way inferior to it . The seeds should be sown in March, on a See also:

• GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

gentle hot-See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed, having been previously steeped in water for several See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours . The seedlings should be potted, and placed under a See also:

• FRAME

frame till the end of May, and should then be planted out in See also:

• LIGHT

light rich soil .

The See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young leaves are those which are gathered for use, a succession being produced during summer and autumn .