See also:

• MARQUIS

MARQUIS DE LOS BALBASES See also:

• AMBROSE (AMBROISE), AUTPERT (d.' 778)
• AMBROSE (ANDREY SERTIS-KAMENSKIY) (1708-1771)
• AMBROSE (fl. 119o)
• AMBROSE, ISAAC (1604-1663/4)
• AMBROSE, SAINT (c. 340-307)

AMBROSE See also:

• MARQUIS DE LOS BALBASES AMBROSE SPINOLA (1569-1630)
• SPINOLA, CRISTOVAL ROJAS DE (d. 1695)

SPINOLA (1569-1630)  , See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• GENOA (anc. Genua, Ital. Genova, Fr. GPnes)

Genoa in 1569 . He was the eldest son of See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip See also:

• SPINOLA, AMBROSE, MARQUIS DE LOS BALBASES (1569-1630)
• SPINOLA, CRISTOVAL ROJAS DE (d. 1695)

Spinola, See also:

• MARQUIS

marquis of Sesto and Benafro, and his wife Policena, daughter of the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• SALERNO (anc. Salernum)

Salerno .. The See also:

• FAMILY

family of Spinola was of See also:

• GREAT

great antiquity, See also:

• WEALTH

wealth and See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power in Genoa . In the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic was practically a protected See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state under the power of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, the Genoese being the bankers of the See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy and having entire See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of its finances . Several of the younger See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers of See also:

• AMBROSE (AMBROISE), AUTPERT (d.' 778)
• AMBROSE (ANDREY SERTIS-KAMENSKIY) (1708-1771)
• AMBROSE (fl. 119o)
• AMBROSE, ISAAC (1604-1663/4)
• AMBROSE, SAINT (c. 340-307)

Ambrose Spinola sought their See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune in Spain, and one of them, See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick, distinguished himself greatly as a soldier in See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders . The eldest See also:

• BROTHER

brother remained at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home to marry and continue the family . In 1592 he was married to See also:

• JOANNA (1479-1555)

Joanna Bacciadonna, daughter of the See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of Galerrata . The houses of Spinola and See also:

• DORIA, ANDREA (1466-156o)

Doria were rivals for authority within the republic . Ambrose Spinola continued the rivalry with the count of Tursi, then the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of the Dorias . He was not successful, and having lost a lawsuit into which he had entered to enforce a right of pre-emption of a See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace belonging to the Salerno family which the Dorias wished to See also:

• PURCHASE

purchase, he decided to withdraw 'from the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and advance the fortunes of his See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house by serving the Spanish monarchy in Flanders . In 1602 he and his brother Frederick entered into a See also:

• CONTRACT
• CONTRACT (Lat. contract us, from contrahere, to draw together, to bind)

contract with the Spanish See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government—a " condotta " on the old See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model . It was a See also:

• SPECULATION

speculation on which Spinola risked the whole of the great fortune of his house .

Ambrose Spinola undertook to raise 9000 men for See also:

• LAND

land service, and Frederick to See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a See also:

• SQUADRON

squadron of galleys for service on the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast . Several of Frederick's galleys were destroyed by See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war-See also:

• SHIPS

ships on his way up channel . He himself was slain in an See also:

• ACTION

action with the Dutch on the 24th of May 1603 . Ambrose Spinola marched overland to Flanders in 1602 with the men he had raised at his own expense . During the first months of his stay in Flanders the Spanish government played with schemes for employing him on an invasion of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, which came to nothing . At the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the See also:

• YEAR

year he returned to See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy for more men . His actual experience as a soldier did not begin till as general, and at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-four., he undertook to continue the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• OSTEND (Flemish and French Ostende)

Ostend on the 29th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1603 . The ruinous remains of the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into his hands on the 22nd of September 1604 . The See also:

• ARCHDUKE (Lat. archidux, Ger. Erzherzog)

archduke See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert and the infanta See also:

• CLARA, SAINT (1194-1253)

Clara Eugenia, daughter of Philip II., who then governed Flanders and had set their See also:

• HEARTS

hearts on taking Ostend, were delighted at his success, and it won him a high reputation among the soldiers of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . On the close of the See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign he went to Spain to arrange with the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, which was then at See also:

• VALLADOLID

Valladolid, for the continuance of the war . At Valladolid he insisted on being appointed See also:

• COMMANDER

commander-inchief in Flanders . By the 9th of See also:

• APRIL

April he was back at See also:

• BRUSSELS (Fr. Bruxelles, Flem. Brussel)

Brussels, and entered on his first campaign .

The See also:

• WARS

wars of the See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

Low Countries consisted at that time almost wholly of sieges, and Spinola made himself famous by the number of places he took in spite of the efforts of See also:

• MAURICE (1521–1553)
• MAURICE (MAURICIUS FLAVIUS TIBERIUS) (c. 539–602)
• MAURICE [or MAURITIUS], ST (d. c. 286)
• MAURICE, JOHN FREDERICK DENISON (1805-1872)

Maurice of See also:

• NASSAU

Nassau to See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save them . In 16o6 he again went to Spain . He was received with much outward See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour, and entrusted with a very See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret See also:

• MISSION

mission to secure the government of Flanders in See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of the See also:

• DEATH

death of the See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

arch-See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke or his wife, but he could not obtain the grandeeship which he desired, and was compelled to See also:

• PLEDGE

pledge the whole of his fortune as See also:

• SECURITY (Lat. securus, free from care, safe)

security for the expenses of the war before the bankers would advance funds to the Spanish government . As he was never repaid, he was in the end utterly ruined . The Spanish government began now to have recourse to devices for keeping him away from Spain . Until the See also:

• SIGNING

signing of the twelve years' truce in 1609 he continued to command in the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field with general success . After it was signed he retained his See also:

• POST

post, and had among other duties to conduct the negotiations with See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France when the prince of See also:

• CONDE
• CONDE, LOUIS DE BOURBON, PRINCE
• CONDE, LOUIS II
• CONDE, PRINCES OF

Conde fled to Flanders with his wife in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to put her beyond the reach of the senile admiration of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry IV. of France . By 1611 Spinola's See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial ruin was See also:

• COMPLETE

complete, but he obtained the desired " grandeza." In 1614 he had some See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in the operations connected with the See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of See also:

• CLEVES (Ger. Cleve or Kleve)

Cleves and Juliers . On the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War he made a vigorous campaign in the See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• PALATINATE (Ger. Pfalz)

Palatinate and was rewarded by the grade of See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain-general . After the renewal of the war with See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland in 1621 he gained the most renowned victory of his career—the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• BREDA

Breda after a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long siege (Aug . 28, 1624-See also:

• JUNE

June 5, 1625) and in spite of the most strenuous efforts of the prince of See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

Orange (Frederick Henry) to save it . The surrender of Breda is the subject of the great DE-See also:

• SPINOZA, BARUCH (1632-1677)

SPINOZA 687 picture by Velasquez, known as " See also:

• LAS

Las Lanzas "; the portrait of Spinola is from memory .

The taking of Breda was the See also:

• CULMINATION (from Lat. culmen, summit)

culmination of Spinola's career . Utter want of See also:

• MONEY

money paralysed the Spanish government, and the new favourite, See also:

• OLIVARES, GASPAR DE GUZMAN

Olivares, was jealous of the general . Spinola could not prevent Frederick Henry of Nassau from taking Groll, a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good set-off for Breda . In See also:

• JANUARY

January 1628 he See also:

• LEFT

left for Spain, resolved not to resume the command in Flanders unless security was given him for the support of his See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . At See also:

• MADRID

Madrid he had to endure much insolence from Olivares, who endeavoured to make him responsible for the loss of Groll . Spinola was resolute not to return ' to Flanders . Meanwhile the Spanish government added a war over the See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession to the duchy of See also:

• MANTUA (Ital. Mantova)

Mantua to its other burdens . Spinola was appointed as plenipotentiary and general . He landed at Genoa on the Igth of September 1629 . In Italy he was pursued by the enmity of Olivares, who caused him to be deprived of his See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers as plenipotentiary . Spinola's See also:

• HEALTH

health See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke down, and, having been robbed of his money, grudged the See also:

• COMPENSATION (from Lat. compensare, to weigh one thing against another)

compensation he asked for his See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children and disgraced in the presence of the enemy, he died on the 25th of September 1630 at the siege of Casale, muttering the words " honour " and " reputation." The See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of marquis of Los Balbases, still See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne by his representatives in Spain, was all that his family received for the vast fortune they spent in the service of Philip III. and IV . See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don A .

See also:

• RODRIGUEZ (officially RODRIGUES)

Rodriguez See also:

• VILLA

Villa has published a See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography well supplied with See also:

• ORIGINAL

original documents-Ambrosio Spinola, primer marques de los Balbases (Madrid, 19o5) . (D .