ANTON HEINRICH

SPRINGER (1825–1891)  , German writer, was born at Prague on the 13th of July 1825 and was educated at the university of his native city . Taking an interest in art, he visited Munich, Dresden and Berlin, and spent some months in Italy; afterwards he settled at Tubingen and in 1848 he returned to Prague and began to lecture at his own university on the history of the revolutionary epoch . The liberal tone of these lectures brought him into disfavour with the ruling authorities, and in 1849 he left Bohemia and passed some time in England, France and the Netherlands . In 1852 he settled at Bonn, where he lectured on art and became a professor in 1859; in 1872 he went to the university of Strassburg and in 1873 to Leipzig . As a journalist and a publicist Springer advocated the federal union of the states ruled by the Austrian emperor, and asserted the right of Prussia to the headship of Germany; during the Crimean War he favoured the emancipation of the small states in the south-east of Europe from Turkish supremacy . After many years of feeble health, he died at Leipzig on the 31st of May 1391 . Springer is known as a writer both on history and on art . In the former connexion his most important work is his Geschichte Oesterreichs seit dery wiener Frieden (Leipzig, 1863–1865), which has been translated into Czech (Prague, 1867) . His other historical works are: Geschichte des Revolutionszeitalters (Prague, 1849); Oesterreich nach der Revolution (Prague, 1850); Oesterreich, Preussen and Deutschland (Prague, 1851) ; Paris im xiii . Jahrhundert (Leipzig,1856) ; and Protokolle des Verfassungs-Ausschusses im oesterreichischen Reichstage 1848–1849 (Leipzig, 1885) . His principal works on art are: Baukunst des christlichen Nlittelalters (Bonn, 1854) ; the valuable Handbuch der Kunstgeschichte (7th ed., Leipzig, 1906), a revised edition of his Grundzuge der Kunstgeschichte (Leipzig, 1887–1888); Geschichte der bildenden Kunste im xix . Jahrhundert (Leipzig, 1858) ; Bilder aus der neueren Kunstgeschichte (Bonn 1867, and again 1886) ; Raffael and Michelangelo (Leipzig, 1877 and 1885) ; and Die Kunst des xix .

Jahrhunderts (Leipzig 188o-1881) . Springer wrote two

biographies: Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann (Leipzig, 1870-1872), and Albrecht Dtirer (Berlin, 1892); and was responsible for the German edition of Crowe and Cavalcaselle's Lives of the Early Flemish Painters, which was published at Leipzig in 1875 . His book of reminiscences, Aus meinem Leben (Berlin, 1892), containing contributions by G . Freytag and H . Janitschek, was edited by his son Jaro Springer (b . 1856), who is also known as a writer on art .