JOHANN CHRISTOPH

SPURZHEIM  [KASPARI (1776-1832), German phrenologist, was born near Treves on the 31st of December 1776 . He made the acquaintance of F . J . Gall while studying medicine in Vienna, and for some years assisted him in spreading his phrenological doctrines, but in 1813 the two separated . Spurzheim lectured with considerable success in England and France, and was extending his propaganda to the United States when he died at Boston, Massachusetts, on the loth of November 1832 . His works include: Anatomic et physiologic du systeme rterveux (1810–182o) ; Observations sur la phrenolegie (181o); The Physiognomical Systems of Drs Gall and Spurzheim (1815), and Essai philosophique sur la nature de 1'homme (1820) .