See also:

• SPUR (A.S. spura, spora, related to spornan, spurnan, to kick, spurn; cf. M.H.G. sporn, mod. Ger. Sporn)

SPUR (A.S. spura, spora, related to spornan, spurnan, to kick, spurn; cf. M.H.G. sporn, mod. Ger. Sporn)  , an See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument attached to the See also:

• HEEL

heel of a rider's See also:

• BOOT

boot for the purpose of goading the See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse . The earliest See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of the horseman's See also:

• SPUR (A.S. spura, spora, related to spornan, spurnan, to kick, spurn; cf. M.H.G. sporn, mod. Ger. Sporn)

spur armed the heel with a single prick . In See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England the See also:

• ROWEL (from O. Fr. rouel or roel, dim. of roue, Lat. rota, wheel)

rowel spur is shown upon the first See also:

• SEAL
• SEAL, FUR
• SEAL, HAIR

seal of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry III., but it does not come into See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general use until the 14th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . In the 15th century spurs appear with very See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long shanks, to reach the horse's flank below the outstanding bards . After this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, and until the beginning of the See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of See also:

• COSTUME
• COSTUME (through the Fr. costume, from Ital. costume, Late Lat. costuma, a contracted form of Lat. consuetudinem, ace. of consuetudo, custom, habit, manner, &c.)

costume at the Restoration, they take many decorative forms, some of which remain in the See also:

• GREAT

great spurs See also:

• WORM

worm by Mexican cavaliers . Gilded spurs were reckoned the badge of See also:

• KNIGHTHOOD

knighthood, and in the rare cases of ceremonious degradation they were hacked from the See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight's heels by the See also:

• COOK
• COOK, ALBERT STANBURROUGH (1853– )
• COOK, EDWARD DUTTON (1829–1883)
• COOK, ELIZA (1818–1889)
• COOK, JAMES (1728-1779)
• COOK, THOMAS (1808-1892)

cook's chopper . After the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Courtrai, in 1302, the victors hung up bushels of gilt spurs in the churches of Courtrai and Maestricht as trophies of what is still remembered by the Flemings as the Goledensporendag . For another See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason the See also:

• ENGLISH

English named the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French rout beside Therouanne as the Battle of Spurs . In See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture, a spur (Fr. See also:

• GRIFFE (French for "claw")

griffe, Ger . Knoll), is the See also:

• ORNAMENT (Lat. ornare, to adorn)

ornament carved on the angles of the See also:

• BASE

base of See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early columns; it consists of a projecting claw, which, emerging from the See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• TORUS

torus of the base, rests on the projecting See also:

• ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form, angus, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

angle of the square See also:

• PLINTH (Gr. ir)^fvOos, a square tile)

plinth . It is possibly to these that See also:

• PLINY, THE ELDER
• PLINY, THE YOUNGER

Pliny refers (Hist . Nat. See also:

• XXVI

xxvi .

42) when speaking of the See also:

• LIZARD (Lat. lacertal)

lizard and See also:

• FROG

frog carved on the bases (spirae) of the columns of the temples of See also:

• JUPITER

Jupiter and See also:

• JUNO

Juno in the See also:

• PORTICO (Ital. for " porch," Lat. porticus)

Portico of Octavius; the earliest known example is that of See also:

• DIOCLETIAN (GAIUs AURELIUS VALERIUS DIOCLETIANUS) (A.D. 245–313)
• DIOCLETIAN, EDICT OF (De Pretiis rerum venalium)

Diocletian's See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace at See also:

• SPALATO, or SPALATRO (Serbo-Croatian Spljet or Split)

Spalato . In Romanesque See also:

• WORK

work the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest examples are those found on the bases in crypts, where they assumed various conventional forms; being, however, See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close to the See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

eye, the spur soon See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed into an elaborate See also:

• LEAF (O. Eng. leaf, cf. Dutch loof, Ger. Laub, Swed. lof, &c.; possibly to be referred to the root seen in Gr. Ma-eta, to peel, strip)

leaf ornament, which in French 13th-century work and in the early English period is of great beauty; sometimes the spur takes the form of a fabulous See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal, such as a See also:

• GRIFFIN
• GRIFFIN [O'GRIoBTA, O'GREEVA], GERALD (1803-1840)
• GRIFFIN, GRIFFON

griffin .