See also:

• SPY
• SPY (from " to spy " or " espy"; 0. Fr. espie, espier, to spy, watch; cf. Ger. spdhen, Lat. specere, to look; the Fr. term " espionage "is of course from the same source)

SPY (from " to spy " or " espy"; 0. Fr. espie, espier, to spy, See also:

• WATCH (in O. Eng. wcecce, a keeping guard or watching, from wacian, to guard, watch, wacan, to wake)

watch; cf. Ger. spdhen, See also:

• LAT

Lat. specere, to look; the Fr. See also:

• TERM

term " espionage "is of course from the same source)  , in See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war—a See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person who, disguised or without bearing the distinguishing marks of belligerent forces, mixes with the enemy for the purpose of obtaining See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information useful to the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army he is serving . As by the See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law of war a See also:

• SPY
• SPY (from " to spy " or " espy"; 0. Fr. espie, espier, to spy, watch; cf. Ger. spdhen, Lat. specere, to look; the Fr. term " espionage "is of course from the same source)

spy is liable, if caught, to the See also:

• PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

penalty of See also:

• DEATH

death, the See also:

• HAGUE, THE (in Dutch, 's Gravenhage, or, abbreviated, den Haag; in Fr. La Haye; and in Late Lat. Haga Comitis)

Hague " Regulations respecting the See also:

• LAWS

Laws and Customs of War on See also:

• LAND

Land " are very precise on the subject . A soldier not wearing a disguise is not a spy, though he may be found within the See also:

• ZONE (Gr. 'WV77, a girdle, from 'wvvLvay to gird)

zone of the hostile army and though his See also:

• OBJECT

object may be to obtain information.; nor are soldiers or civilians spies who crossenemy lines openly carrying messages . This applies even to persons sent in balloons for the purpose of carrying despatches . In See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short, it is essential to the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of a spy that he should See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act clandestinely or on false pretences, that he should be caught within the zone of operations of the hostile belligerent forces, and that his object should be to obtain information for use against them (See also:

• ART

art . 29) . The regulations also provide that he cannot be " punished " without previous trial (art . 30) . Nor can he be treated as a spy if he is captured after he has rejoined his army . He must then be treated as an See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary prisoner of war -(art . 31) . (T .

BA.) The See also:

• TERM

term " spy " is applied also to those who in See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace secretly endeavour to obtain information concerning the forces, armaments, fortifications or defences of a See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country for the purpose of supplying it to another country . Every country has always endeavoured to guard jealously its military and See also:

• NAVAL

naval secrets, and with this object denies admittance to fortified places or arsenals to those who cannot produce the proper See also:

• CREDENTIALS (lettres de creance)

credentials . Notwithstanding the utmost precautions, it is impossible to prevent some amount of leakage to countries which are prepared to pay for information otherwise unobtainable . Consequently, most countries have legislation dealing with " spying " in time of peace . I.n the See also:

• UNITED

United See also:

• KINGDOM

Kingdom, the See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

Official Secrets Act 1889 makes it a See also:

• MISDEMEANOUR (from O. Fr. mes- and demener, to conduct oneself ill)

misdemeanour wrongfully to obtain information as to any fortress, dockyard, See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, &c., of his See also:

• MAJESTY (Fr. majeste; Lat. majestas, grandeur, greatness, from the base mag-, as in magnus, great, major, greater, &c.)

majesty, or, having such information or any information See also:

• RELATING

relating to the naval or military affairs of his majesty, to communicate the same to any person to whom it ought not in the See also:

• INTEREST

interest of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state to be communicated at the time . If the information is communicated, or intended or attempted to be communicated, to any See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign state, the offence becomes a See also:

• FELONY (0. Fr. felonie, from felon, a word meaning " wicked," common to Romanic languages, cf. Italian fella, fellone, the ultimate origin of which is obscure, but is possibly connected either with Lat. fel, gall, or fallere, to deceive. The English " fel

felony . In See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany an imperial law of 1893 deals similarly with such an offence .