See also:

• STADTHOLDER (Du. stadhouder, a delegate or representative)

STADTHOLDER (Du. stadhouder, a delegate or representative)  , the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• MAGISTRATE (Lat. magistratus, from magister, master, properly a public office, hence the person holding such an office)

magistrate of the seven states which formed the See also:

• UNITED

United See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands by the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union of See also:

• UTRECHT
• UTRECHT, TREATY OF

Utrecht in 1579 . Though the word stad means a See also:

• TOWN

town, it has also the force of the kindred See also:

• ENGLISH

English " See also:

• STEAD, WILLIAM THOMAS (1849– )

stead." A stadhouder was not the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of a " stad " or " stead " in the sense of a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place or town . He was in the place, or stead, of the See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign . The word is translated into Latin by legatus, gubernator and praefectus . The See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of See also:

• STADTHOLDER (Du. stadhouder, a delegate or representative)

stadtholder is a procousulatus, and the High See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent is Statthalter, a delegate . When the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern Netherlands revolted from See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip II. of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, who had inherited his sovereign rights from the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• BURGUNDY

Burgundy (see NETHERLANDS: See also:

• HISTORY

History), the stad- The See also:

• STADE
• STADE, BERNHARD (1848–1906)

Stade See also:

• ELBE (the Albis of the Romans and the Labe of the Czechs)

Elbe-dues (Stader Elbezoll) were an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• IMPOST (through the O. Fr. from Lat. impositum, a thing laid upon another; the modern French is impot)

impost upon all goods carried up the Elbe, and were levied at the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Brunshausen, at the mouth of the Schwinge . The tax was abolished in 1267 by the Hanseatic See also:

• LEAGUE

League, but it was revived by the Swedes in 1688, and confirmed by See also:

• HANOVER
• HANOVER (Ger. Hannover)

Hanover . The dues were fostered by the growing See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade of See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg, and in 1861, when they were redeemed (for £427,600) by the nations trading in the Elbe, the See also:

• EXCHEQUER

exchequer of Hanover was in the yearly See also:

• RECEIPT (M.E. receite, derived through Fr. from Lat. recepta, participle of recipere, to receive)

receipt of about £45,000 from this source . Hamburg and See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain each paid more than a third of the redemption See also:

• MONEY

money.houder passed from being the representative of an absent sovereign See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince and became the chief magistrate of the states in whom the See also:

• SOVEREIGNTY

sovereignty resided . Six of the seven states forming the See also:

• CONFEDERATION (Fr. confederation, Lat. confoederatio, from foedus, a league, foederare, to form a league)

confederation of the United Netherlands took as their stadtholder See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William of See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

Orange-See also:

• NASSAU

Nassau, called " the Silent," and his descendants during three generations . The seventh, See also:

• FRIESLAND, or VRIESLAND

Friesland, had for stadtholder William's See also:

• BROTHER

brother, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John " the Old," and his descendants . The younger See also:

• LINE

line became stadtholders of the other states after the extinction of the See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder, and were the ancestors of the See also:

• PRESENT

present royal See also:

• FAMILY

family of the Netherlands .

Though the stadtholders of the house of Orange-Nassau were of princely See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank and intermarried with the royal families of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, they were not sovereign princes . They exercised large administrative See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers, and commanded the See also:

• LAND

land and See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea forces, but it was with delegated authority given them by each See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state in domestic affairs, and by the states-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the confederation in all See also:

• COMMON

common and See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign affairs . The states-general and some of the individual states not only claimed but exercised the right of suspending the stadtholdership, as for instance after the See also:

• DEATH

death of William II., 165o, and of William III., 1702 .