GEORG See also:

• ERNST, HEINRICH WILHELM (1814–1865)

ERNST See also:

• STAHL, FRIEDRICH JULIUS (1802-1861)
• GEORG ERNST STAHL (1660-1734)

STAHL (1660-1734)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German chemist and physician, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 2ISt of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 166o at Anspach . Having graduated in See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine at See also:

• JENA

Jena in 1683, he became See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court physician to the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• WEIMAR

Weimar in 1687 . From 1694 to 1716 he held the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of medicine at See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

Halle, and was then appointed physician to the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia in See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, where he died on the 14th of May 1734 . In See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry he is chiefly known in connexion with his See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine of phlogiston, the essentials of which, however, he owed to J . J . See also:

• BECHER, JOHANN JOACHIM (1635-1682)

Becher; and he also propounded a view of See also:

• FERMENTATION

fermentation which in some respects resembles that supported by See also:

• LIEBIG, JUSTUS VON, BARON (1803-1873)

Liebig a See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century and See also:

• HALF

half later . In medicine he professed an animistic See also:

• SYSTEM

system, in opposition to the material-ism of See also:

• HERMANN, JOHANN GOTTFRIED JAKOB (1772–1848)
• HERMANN, KARL FRIEDRICH (1804–1855)

Hermann See also:

• BOERHAAVE, HERMANN (1668–1738)

Boerhaave and See also:

• FRIEDRICH, JOHANN (1836— )

Friedrich See also:

• HOFFMANN, AUGUST HEINRICH (1798–1874)
• HOFFMANN, ERNST THEODOR WILHELM (1776-1822)
• HOFFMANN, JOHANN JOSEPH (1805-1878)

Hoffmann . The most important of his numerous writings are Zymotechnia fundamentaiis sive fermentations theoria generalis (1697), which contains the phlogistic See also:

• HYPOTHESIS (from Gr. inrorcOivat, to put under; cf. Lat. suppositio, from sub-ponere)

hypothesis; Specimen Becherianum (1702); Experimenta, observationes, animadversions . . . chymicae et physicae 51731) ; Theoria medica See also:

• VERA, AUGUSTO (1813-1885)

vera (1707) ; Ars sanandi cum expectatione (1730) . STAINER, See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN (1840-19o1), See also:

• ENGLISH

English composer and organist, was born at See also:

• SOUTHWARK

Southwark on the 6th of See also:

• JUNE

June 184o . He was the second son of the schoolmaster of the See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish school of St See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas's, Southwark, who was enough of a musician to See also:

• TEACH [THATCH OR THACH], EDWARD (d. 1718)

teach his son the See also:

• ORGAN

organ and the See also:

• ART

art of See also:

• READING

reading See also:

• MUSIC

music, in which he was already proficient when, in 1847, he entered the See also:

• CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir of St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul's See also:

• CATHEDRAL

Cathedral . He remained there till 1856, and often took the organ in emergencies; he held the See also:

• POST

post of organist of St Benet's and St Paul's, Upper See also:

• THAMES

Thames See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street, during the last See also:

• YEAR

year of his choristership; and in 1856 was given the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of organist to St See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael's See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• TENBURY

Tenbury, where his musical and See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• EDUCATION

education benefited greatly from the intercourse with Sir See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick See also:

• GORE
• GORE, CATHERINE GRACE FRANCES (1799-1861)
• GORE, CHARLES (1853– )

Gore See also:

• OUSELEY, SIR FREDERICK ARTHUR GORE (1825-1889)
• OUSELEY, SIR WILLIAM (1769—1842)

Ouseley .

He was appointed to Magdalen College, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, in 186o, and became university organist in the following year . While at Oxford he did much to bring the choir of Magdalen to a remarkable See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of excellence; he took a keen See also:

• INTEREST

interest in the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of various musical See also:

• SOCIETIES, LEARNED

societies; and as a sign of his appreciation of the value of general culture, it is See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth recording that he took the degree of B.A. in 1864, that of See also:

• MUS

Mus . D. in 1865, and procured M.A. in 1867, being appointed a university examiner in music in the same year . In 1868 he was engaged frequently as See also:

• SOLO, OR SOLO WHIST

solo, organist at the Crystal See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

Palace; and in 1872 was appointed organist of St Paul's, where he raised the See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard of choral music to something very like perfection . He was See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of the organ in the See also:

• NATIONAL

National Training School of Music from 1876, and in 1881 succeeded his lifelong friend See also:

• SULLIVAN, JOHN (1740–1795)
• SULLIVAN, SIR ARTHUR SEYMOUR (1842—1900)
• SULLIVAN, THOMAS BARRY (1824-1891)

Sullivan as See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal . In 1878 he was a juror at the See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris See also:

• EXHIBITION

Exhibition, and was created See also:

• CHEVALIER, ALBERT (1861– )
• CHEVALIER, MICHEL (1806-1879)
• CHEVALIER, ULYSSE (1841– )

Chevalier of the See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

Legion d'Honneur . In 1882 he became inspector of music in training colleges . In 1888 he retired from the organistship of St Paul's owing to failing eyesight, and was knighted . In 1889 he succeeded Ouseley as professor of music in the university of Oxford, holding the post till 1899 . Besides these See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official distinctions he received a See also:

• GREAT

great number of honorary degrees: he was See also:

• VICE

vice-See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the Royal College of Organists, and president of the See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

Plain-See also:

• SONG

song and See also:

• MEDIEVAL

Medieval Music Society, the See also:

• LONDON

London Gregorian Association, and the Musical Association . His compositions include four oratorios: See also:

• GIDEON (in Hebrew, perhaps " hewer " or " warrior ")

Gideon (1865), The Daughter of Jairus (See also:

• WORCESTER
• WORCESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• WORCESTER, JOHN TIPTOFT, EARL OF (1427—1470)
• WORCESTER, WILLIAM (c. 1415-c. 1482)

Worcester, 1878), St See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary Magdalen (See also:

• GLOUCESTER
• GLOUCESTER (abbreviated as pronounced Glo'ster)
• GLOUCESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF (1243-1295)
• GLOUCESTER, RICHARD DE CLARE, EARL OF (1222-1262)
• GLOUCESTER, ROBERT, EARL OF (d. 1147)
• GLOUCESTER, THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE

Gloucester, 1887), Crucifixion (London, 1887); See also:

• FORTY

forty-two anthems, some of them very elaborate; many hymn-tunes, organ pieces, madrigals, &c . His professorial lectures were of great value, and he made many contributions to the literature of music .

He was a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of wide See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence, with a remarkable See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty of organization, and his See also:

• WORK

work in regard to the conditions of the musical profession was of considerable importance . His own music has many of the defects of his qualities, for his breadth of See also:

• ARTISTIC

artistic views led him to admire and adopt many styles that are not always compatible with each other . He died while on a See also:

• HOLIDAY

holiday at See also:

• VERONA
• VERONA, CONGRESS OF

Verona on the 31st of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1901 .