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STANISLAUS

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V22, Page 61 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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STANISLAUS 

PoNIATOwsKI (1757—1833), son of Casimir, joined the emperor at
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Lutzen . In the
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campaign of 1813 he shared in the aggrandisement of the
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family during the reign of guarded the passes of the Bohemian mountains and defended Stanislaus II., becoming
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grand treasurer of Lithuania, starost the
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left
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bank of the Elbe . As a
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reward for his brilliant services of
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Podolia and
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lieutenant-general of the royal army . In 1793 at the three days'
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battle of
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Leipzig he was made a marshal of he settled in Vienna, and subsequently in Rome, where he made France and entrusted with the honourable but dangerous duty a magnificent collection of antique gems in his house on the of covering the retreat of the army . Poniatowski heroically Via
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Flaminia . This collection was sold at Christie's in
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London defended Leipzig, losing
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half his corps in the attempt, finally in May 1839 . He died in Florence on the 13th of
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February falling back slowly upon the
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bridge over the
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Elster which the 1833, and with him the
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Polish and
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Austrian honours became French in the general confusion blew up before he reached it.
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extinct . Contesting every step with the overwhelming forces of the His natural, but recognized, son, JOSEPH MICHAEL XAVIER pursuers, he refused to surrender, and covered with wounds FRANCIS JOHN PONIATOWSKI (1816-1873), was born at Rome plunged into the
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river, where he flied fighting to the last . His and in 1847 was naturalized as a Tuscan subject . He received relics were conveyed to Poland and buried in Cracow
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Cathedral, the title of prince in Tuscany (1847) and in Austria (1850). where he lies by the side of Tadeusz Kosciuszko and
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Jan Sobieski . He had studied
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music under Ceccherini at Florence, and wrote Poniatowski's
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Mes souvenirs sur la campagne de 1992 (Lemberg, numerous operas, in the first of which, Giovanni di Procida, 1863) is a valuable
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historical document, he sang the title role himself at Lucca in 1838 . He represented See Stanislaw Kostka Boguslawski,
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Life of Prince Joseph Poniathe court of Tuscany in Paris from 1848, and he was made a towski (Pol.; Warsaw, 1831) ; Franciszek Paszkowski, Prince Joseph senator by
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Napoleon III., whom he followed to England in Poniatowski (Pol.; Cracow, 1898) ; Correspondence of Poniatowski r8 His last opera, Gelmina, was produced at Covent Garden (ed .

E . Raczynski,

Posen, 1843); Bronislaw Dembinski, Stanislaus 71 .
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Pro Augustus and Prince Joseph Poniatowski in the
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light of their Corre- in 1872 . He died on the 3rd of
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July 1873, and was buried at spondence (Fr.; Lemberg, 1904); Szymon Askenazy, Prince
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Chislehurst . His son, Prince Stanislaus Augustus, married and Joseph Poniatowski (Pol.; Warsaw, 1905) . (R . N . B.) settled in Paris . He was equerry to Napoleon III., and died PONS,
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JEAN LOUIS (1761-1831), French astronomer, was in
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January 1908. born at Peyres (Hautes Alpes) on the 24th of December 1761 .

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