STANISLAUS  See also:

• PONIATOWSKI
• PONIATOWSKI, JOSEPH ANTHONY (1763-1813)

PoNIATOwsKI (1757—1833), son of Casimir, joined the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor at See also:

• LUTZEN

Lutzen . In the See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of 1813 he shared in the aggrandisement of the See also:

• FAMILY

family during the reign of guarded the passes of the Bohemian mountains and defended Stanislaus II., becoming See also:

• GRAND

grand treasurer of Lithuania, starost the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• ELBE (the Albis of the Romans and the Labe of the Czechs)

Elbe . As a See also:

• REWARD

reward for his brilliant services of See also:

• PODOLIA

Podolia and See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the royal See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . In 1793 at the three days' See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig he was made a See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal of he settled in See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, and subsequently in See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, where he made See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and entrusted with the See also:

• HONOURABLE (Fr. honorable, from Lat. honorabilis, worthy of honour)

honourable but dangerous See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty a magnificent collection of See also:

• ANTIQUE (Lat. antiquus, old)

antique gems in his See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house on the of covering the See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat of the army . Poniatowski heroically Via See also:

• FLAMINIA, VIA

Flaminia . This collection was sold at See also:

• CHRISTIE, RICHARD COPLEY (183o–Igor)

Christie's in See also:

• LONDON

London defended Leipzig, losing See also:

• HALF

half his See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps in the See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt, finally in May 1839 . He died in See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence on the 13th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February falling back slowly upon the See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge over the See also:

• ELSTER

Elster which the 1833, and with him the See also:

• POLISH

Polish and See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian honours became See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French in the general confusion blew up before he reached it. See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct . Contesting every step with the overwhelming forces of the His natural, but recognized, son, See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

JOSEPH See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

MICHAEL See also:

• XAVIER, FRANCISCO DE (1506-1552)

XAVIER pursuers, he refused to surrender, and covered with wounds See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

FRANCIS See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN PONIATOWSKI (1816-1873), was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Rome plunged into the See also:

• RIVER

river, where he flied fighting to the last . His and in 1847 was naturalized as a Tuscan subject . He received See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics were conveyed to See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland and buried in See also:

• CRACOW (Pol. Krakov; Ger. Krakau)

Cracow See also:

• CATHEDRAL

Cathedral, the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince in See also:

• TUSCANY
• TUSCANY (Toscana)

Tuscany (1847) and in See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria (1850). where he lies by the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of Tadeusz See also:

• KOSCIUSZKO, TADEUSZ ANDRZEJ BONAWENTURA (1746-1817)

Kosciuszko and See also:

• JAN

Jan Sobieski . He had studied See also:

• MUSIC

music under Ceccherini at Florence, and wrote Poniatowski's See also:

• MES

Mes souvenirs sur la campagne de 1992 (See also:

• LEMBERG (Pol. Lwdw, Lat. Leopolis)

Lemberg, numerous operas, in the first of which, Giovanni di See also:

• PROCIDA (Gr. Ilpoxi ro, Lat. Prochyta)

Procida, 1863) is a valuable See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical document, he sang the title role himself at See also:

• LUCCA (anc. Luca)
• LUCCA, BAGNI DI (Baths of Lucca, formerly Bagno a Corsena)

Lucca in 1838 . He represented See Stanislaw Kostka Boguslawski, See also:

• LIFE

Life of Prince Joseph Poniathe See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of Tuscany in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris from 1848, and he was made a towski (Pol.; See also:

• WARSAW
• WARSAW (Polish Warszawa, Ger. Warschau, Fr. Varsovie)

Warsaw, 1831) ; Franciszek Paszkowski, Prince Joseph senator by See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon III., whom he followed to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in Poniatowski (Pol.; Cracow, 1898) ; See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

Correspondence of Poniatowski r8 His last See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

opera, Gelmina, was produced at Covent See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

Garden (ed .

E . Raczynski, See also:

• POSEN
• POSEN (Polish Poznan)

Posen, 1843); Bronislaw Dembinski, Stanislaus 71 . See also:

• PRO

Pro See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus and Prince Joseph Poniatowski in the See also:

• LIGHT

light of their Corre- in 1872 . He died on the 3rd of See also:

• JULY

July 1873, and was buried at spondence (Fr.; Lemberg, 1904); Szymon Askenazy, Prince See also:

• CHISLEHURST

Chislehurst . His son, Prince Stanislaus Augustus, married and Joseph Poniatowski (Pol.; Warsaw, 1905) . (R . N . B.) settled in Paris . He was See also:

• EQUERRY (from the Fr. ecuric, a stable, through its older form escurie, from the Med. Lat. scuria, a word of Teutonic origin for a stable or shed, cf. Ger. Scheuer; the modern spelling has con-fused the word with the Lat. equus, a horse)

equerry to Napoleon III., and died PONS, See also:

• JEAN

JEAN See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

LOUIS (1761-1831), French astronomer, was in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1908. born at Peyres (Hautes Alpes) on the 24th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1761 .