See also:

• STANNARIES (Lat. stannum, Cornish, stean, tin)

STANNARIES (See also:

• LAT

Lat. stannum, Cornish, stean, See also:

• TIN (Lat.- stannum, whence the chemical symbol " Sn "; atomic weight =117.6, 0=16)

tin)  , See also:

• TIN (Lat.- stannum, whence the chemical symbol " Sn "; atomic weight =117.6, 0=16)

tin mines . Stannary courts exercised a See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar to See also:

• CORNWALL

Cornwall and See also:

• DEVON, EARLS OF

Devon . So far as regards Cornwall the jurisdiction is an immemorial one . By See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient charters, the tinners of See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

Corn-See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall were exempt from all other jurisdiction than that of the stannary courts, except in cases affecting See also:

• LAND

land, See also:

• LIFE

life and See also:

• LIMB

limb . The tin-See also:

• MINING

mining See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry of Cornwall, dating, as it does, from the very earliest times, was always prosecuted in accordance with a particular See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

code of customs; the earliest See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter which embodies them is that of See also:

• EDMUND
• EDMUND, or EADMUND (c. 980-1016)
• EDMUND, SAINT [EDMUND RICE] (d. 1240)

Edmund, See also:

• EARL

earl of Cornwall, but the freedom then assured was rather confirmed than given for the first See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, and it is impossible to say how far these customs of the See also:

• STANNARIES (Lat. stannum, Cornish, stean, tin)

stannaries courts go back . Twenty-four stannators were returned for the whole of Cornwall . Their See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting was termed a See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament, and when they assembled they See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose a See also:

• SPEAKER

speaker . In earlier times, the combined tinners of Devon and Cornwall assembled on Hingston Down, a See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract of highland on the Cornish See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the Tamar . After the charter of Earl Edmund, the Cornish stannators met (apparently) at See also:

• TRURO
• TRURO, THOMAS WILDE, 1ST BARON (1782-1855)

Truro; those of See also:

• DEVONSHIRE (DEvoN)
• DEVONSHIRE, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Devonshire at Crockern Tor on See also:

• DARTMOOR

Dartmoor . An officer was appointed by the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of Cornwall or the See also:

• CROWN

Crown, who was See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord See also:

• WARDEN

warden of the stannaries, and the parliaments were assembled by him from time to time, in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to revise old or to enact new See also:

• LAWS

laws . The last Cornish stannary parliament was held at Truro in 1752 . For a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of years little or no business was transacted in the stannary courts; but the See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity for a See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of peculiar jurisdiction, embracing mines and mining transactions of every description within the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of Cornwall having become more and more apparent, a See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee was appointed to See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report on the subject, and an See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of parliament was afterwards (1836) passed, suppressing the See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law courts of the stewards of the different stannaries, and giving to the See also:

• VICE

vice-warden their jurisdiction, besides confirming and enlarging the ancient See also:

• EQUITY (Lat. aequitas)

equity jurisdiction of that See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office .

By the Stannaries Act 1855 the respective parliaments or stannaries courts of Cornwall and Devon were consolidated . From the judgments of the vice-warden an See also:

• APPEAL

appeal See also:

• LAY

lay to the lord warden, and from him to the Supreme Court . By the Stannaries Courts Abolition Act 1896 the jurisdiction of the courts was transferred to the county courts . The most important customs may be briefly stated: (a) " See also:

• FREE

free tinners " had the right to See also:

• WORK

work upon rendering the " See also:

• TOLL (etymologically, that which is numbered or counted; from a common Teutonic form, cf. " tale," " tell ")
• TOLL, JOHAN KRISTOFFER, COUNT (1743-1817)

toll-tin," usually one-fifteenth of the produce, to the owner or lord of the See also:

• SOIL

soil; (b) the right of " tin-bounding," that is, the right of bounding any unappropriated See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste lands, or any several or enclosed lands which had once been waste land, subject to the See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom and to the delivery of tin-toll . The See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound was marked by See also:

• TURF

turf or See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone, and was about an See also:

• ACRE
• ACRE, or AQUIRY

acre in extent . The See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate of a bounder in Devonshire is real See also:

• PROPERTY

property, but in Cornwall is See also:

• PERSONAL

personal property . For many centuries a tax on the tin, after smelting, was paid to the earls and See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes of Cornwall . The smelted blocks were carried to certain towns (See also:

• LISKEARD

Liskeard, See also:

• LOSTWITHIEL

Lostwithiel, See also:

• PENZANCE

Penzance, Truro) to be coined, that is, a corner of the See also:

• BLOCK
• BLOCK (from the Fr. bloc, and possibly connected with an Old Ger. Block, obstruction, cf. " baulk ")
• BLOCK, MAURICE (1816–19or)

block was cut off, and the block was then stamped with the duchy See also:

• SEAL
• SEAL, FUR
• SEAL, HAIR

seal as a See also:

• GUARANTEE (sometimes spelt " guarantie " or " guaranty "; an O. Fr. form of " warrant," from the Teutonic word which appears in German as wahren, to defend or make safe and binding)

guarantee of the quality . By an act of 1838 the dues payable on the coinage of tin were abolished, and a See also:

• COMPENSATION (from Lat. compensare, to weigh one thing against another)

compensation was awarded to the duchy instead of them . See T . See also:

• PEARCE, CHARLES SPRAGUE (1851– )

Pearce, Laws and Customs of the Stannaries in the Counties of Cornwall and Devon (1725) ; See also:

• BAINBRIDGE, JOHN (1582-1643)
• BAINBRIDGE, WILLIAM (1774-1833)

Bainbridge, Law of Mines and Minerals,; G . R .

See also:

• LEWIS, HENRY CARVILL
• LEWIS, JOHN FREDERICK (180 1876)
• LEWIS, MATTHEW GREGORY (1775-1818)
• LEWIS, MERIWETHER (1774-1809)
• LEWIS, SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL, BART

Lewis, The Stanneries: a Study of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English Tin Mines (" Harvard Economic Studies," 1908) .