See also:

• EDWIN, AEDUINI
• EDWIN, JOHN (1749–1790)

EDWIN See also:

• EDWIN STANTON
• STANTON, ELIZABETH CADY (1815-1902)

STANTON  M'MASTERS (1814–1869), See also:

• AMERICAN

American statesman, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• STEUBENVILLE

Steubenville, See also:

• OHIO

Ohio, on the 19th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1814 . He attended See also:

• KENYON, LLOYD KENYON, 1ST BARON (1732-1802)

Kenyon See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College at See also:

• GAMBIER
• GAMBIER, JAMES GAMBIER, BARON (1756-1833)

Gambier, Ohio, from 1831 to 1833, was admitted to the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar in 1836, was prosecuting See also:

• ATTORNEY (from O. Fr. atorne, a person appointed to act for another, from atourner, legal Lat. attornare, attorn, literally to turn over to another or commit business to another)

attorney of See also:

• HARRISON
• HARRISON, BENJAMIN
• HARRISON, FREDERIC (1831— )
• HARRISON, JOHN (1693—1776)
• HARRISON, THOMAS (16o6-166o)
• HARRISON, THOMAS ALEXANDER (1853– )
• HARRISON, WILLIAM (1534–1593)
• HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY (1773–1841)

Harrison See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county in 1837–1839, and practised in See also:

• CADIZ
• CADIZ (Cadiz)
• CADIZ (in Lat. Gades, and formerly called Cales by the English)

Cadiz, O., until 1839, when he returned to Steubenville . In 1847 he removed to See also:

• PITTSBURG
• PITTSBURG, or PITTSBURGH

Pittsburg, See also:

• PENNSYLVANIA
• PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Pennsylvania, where he took a leading See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place at the bar . One of his most famous cases was that of The See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

State of Pennsylvania v . The See also:

• WHEELING

Wheeling and See also:

• BELMONT, AUGUST (1816–189o)

Belmont See also:

• BRIDGE

Bridge See also:

• COMPANY

Company (1849–1856), in which, as counsel for the state, he invoked successfully the aid of the Federal See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government in preventing the construction of a bridge over the Ohio See also:

• RIVER

river at Wheeling, See also:

• VIRGINIA
• VIRGINIA, or VERGINIA
• VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Virginia (now See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Virginia)—on the ground that the structure would interfere with the See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation of that stream by citizens of Pennsylvania . His large practice before the See also:

• UNITED

United States Supreme See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

Court caused him to remove to See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington in 1856 . In 1858 he was sent to See also:

• CALIFORNIA
• CALIFORNIA, LOWER (Baja California)
• CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF

California by the United States attorney-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general as See also:

• SPECIAL

special Federal See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent for the See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of See also:

• LAND

land claims, and he succeeded in breaking up a See also:

• CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy by which the government would have been defrauded of vast tracts of land of almost inestimable value . Before the See also:

• CIVIL

Civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War See also:

• STANTON, EDWIN
• STANTON, ELIZABETH CADY (1815-1902)

Stanton was a Democrat, opposed to See also:

• SLAVERY

slavery, but a See also:

• FIRM

firm defender of the constitutional rights of the slaveholders, and was a See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter opponent of See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln, whose party he then hated and distrusted . In the reorganization of See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

President See also:

• BUCHANAN
• BUCHANAN, CLAUDIUS
• BUCHANAN, GEORGE (1506–1582)
• BUCHANAN, JAMES (1791-1868)
• BUCHANAN, ROBERT WILLIAMS (1841-1901)

Buchanan's See also:

• CABINET

cabinet in 186o Stanton became attorney-general, and he did what he could to strengthen theweak policy of the president in the last months of his See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration . Although he had often violently denounced President Lincoln, the latter thought he saw in Stanton a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good war See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister, and in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1862 invited him into his cabinet . In his administration of the war See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office Stanton was vigorous, rigid, and often harsh, and his See also:

• PEREMPTORY

peremptory manner, in speech and See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence, was the cause of considerable See also:

• FRICTION (from Lat. fricare, to rub)

friction between the war See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department and the generals, one of the last and most conspicuous instances being his controversy with General See also:

• SHERMAN
• SHERMAN, JOHN (x823-1900)
• SHERMAN, ROGER (1721–1793)

Sherman over the terms of surrender granted to J . E .

See also:

• JOHNSTON, ALBERT SIDNEY (1803–1862)
• JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER (1849-1888)
• JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER KEITH (1804-1871)
• JOHNSTON, ARTHUR (1587-1641)
• JOHNSTON, J
• JOHNSTON, JOSEPH EGGLESTON (1807-1891)
• JOHNSTON, SIR HENRY HAMILTON (1858- )

Johnston's See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . But he removed a See also:

• HORDE

horde of fraudulent contractors, kept the armies in the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field well equipped, and infused See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy into procrastinating generals . Not the least of his achievements was the peaceable disbandment of 800,000 soldiers at the end of the war . Remaining in the cabinet of President See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew See also:

• JOHNSON, ANDREW
• JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
• JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
• JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
• JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
• JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
• JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
• JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
• JOHNSON, THOMAS

Johnson, Stanton exerted all his energies toward thwarting the policies of that executive, especially those related to the reconstruction of the See also:

• SOUTHERN

Southern states . He expressed disapproval of the See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

Tenure of Office See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act, making the consent of the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

Senate necessary for the removal of civil See also:

• OFFICERS

officers, and drafted the supplementary act on Reconstruction, passed over the president's See also:

• VETO (Lat. for " I forbid ")

veto on the rgth of See also:

• JULY

July 1867 . Stanton was finally asked to resign, and on his refusal to do so the president suspended him (Aug . 12) from office and appointed General See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

Grant (who had disapproved of the secretary's removal) secretary ad See also:

• INTERIM

interim . When the Senate, however, under the terms of the Tenure of Office Act, refused (See also:

• JAN

Jan . 13, 1868) to concur in the suspension, Grant See also:

• LEFT

left the office and Stanton returned to his duties . On the 21st of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1868 Johnson appointed General Lorenzo See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas secretary of war ad interim, and ordered Stanton to vacate, but on the same See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day the Senate upheld Stanton, and by way of reply the secretary made See also:

• OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath to a complaint against Thomas for violating the Tenure of Office Act, and invoked military See also:

• PROTECTION

protection from General Grant, who placed General E . A . Carr in See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the war department See also:

• BUILDING

building, while See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress came to Stanton's See also:

• RESCUE (in Middle Eng. rescous, from O. Fr. recousse, Low Lat. rescussa, from reexcussa,reexcutere, to shake off again, re, again, ex, off, quatere, to shake)

rescue by impeaching the president, the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article of See also:

• IMPEACHMENT (O. Fr. empeahement, empeschement, from em pecher or empescher, to hinder, Late Lat. impedicare, to entangle, pedica, fetter, pes, foot)

impeachment being that based on the removal of Stanton (see JoHNsoN, ANDREW) .

When the impeachment proceedings failed (May 26) Stanton resigned and returned to the practice of See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law . In 1869 President Grant appointed him a See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice of the United States Supreme Court, but he died on the 24th of December, four days after his See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment . Stanton had a violent See also:

• TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper and a See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue, but he was courageous, energetic, thoroughly honest and a genuine patriot . See See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George C . Gorham, See also:

• LIFE

Life and Public Services of See also:

• EDWIN, AEDUINI
• EDWIN, JOHN (1749–1790)

Edwin M . Stanton (2 vols., See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston, 1899), and See also:

• FRANK, JAKOB (1726-1791)

Frank A . See also:

• FLOWER (Lat. flos, floris; Fr. fleur)
• FLOWER, SIB

Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton: The Autocrat of See also:

• REBELLION

Rebellion, Emancipation, and Reconstruction (New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, 1905) .