STATES OF THE See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

CHURCH, or PAPAL STATES (Ital. Stato della Chiesa, Stato Pontifico, Stato Romano, Stato Ecclesiastico Fr. bats de l'Eglise, Pontifical Souverain de See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, &c.; Ger. Kirchenstaat; in ecclesiastical Latin often Patrimonium Sancti Petri)  , that portion of central See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy which, previous to the unification of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom, was under the See also:

• DIRECT

direct See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of the see of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . The territory stood in 1859 as in the annexed table . With the exception of See also:

• BENEVENTO

Benevento, surrounded by the Neapolitan See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Principato Ulteriore, and the small See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of See also:

• PONTECORVO

Pontecorvo, enclosed within the Terra di Lavoro, the States of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church formed a compact territory, bounded on the N.W. by the See also:

• LOMBARDO

Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, on the N.E. by the Adriatic, on the S.E. by the kingdom of See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples, on the S.W. by the Mediterranean, and on the W. by the See also:

• GRAND

grand-duchy of See also:

• TUSCANY
• TUSCANY (Toscana)

Tuscany and the duchy of See also:

• MODENA (ancient Mutina)

Modena . On the Adriatic the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast extended 140 M. from the mouth of the Tronto (Truentus) to the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern mouth of the Po, and on the Tyrrhenian See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea 130 M. from 41° 20' to 42° 22' N. See also:

• LAT

lat . See also:

• AREA

Area in See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

Population See also:

• ENGLISH

English sq. m. in 1853 . Comarca of Rome 1752.8 326,509 See also:

• BOLOGNA
• BOLOGNA, GIOVANNI DA (1524–1608)

Bologna . 1359.2 375,631 . . . . N See also:

• FERRARA

Ferrara 1094'0 244,524 Forli 718.8 218,433 See also:

• RAVENNA
• RAVENNA, EXARCHATE OF

Ravenna 701.5 175,994 co See also:

• URBINO (anc. Urvinum Mataurense)

Urbino, with See also:

• PESARO (anc. Pisaurum, q.v.)

Pesaro 1414.6 257,751 See also:

• VELLETRI (anc. Velitrae)

Velletri 571.3 62,013 See also:

• ANCONA
• ANCONA, ALESSANDRO (1835– )

Ancona 441.8 176, 519 See also:

• MACERATA

Macerata 895.o 243,104 See also:

• CAMERINO (anc. Camerinum)

Camerino 320.0 42,991 See also:

• FERMO (anc. 1%irmum Picenum)

Fermo 335'7 110,321 . c See also:

• ASCOLI
• ASCOLI, GRAZIADIO ISAIA (1829–1907)

Ascoli . . 476.3 91,916 2, See also:

• PERUGIA (anc. Perusia)

Perugia 1555'5 234,533 e See also:

• SPOLETO (anc. Spoletium)

Spoleto 1175'9 135,029 See also:

• RIETI (anc. Reate)

Rieti eto 531'7 73,683 Q See also:

• VITERBO

Viterbo .. . .

. . . 1158.9 128,324 See also:

• ORVIETO (anc. Volsinii (q.v.)

Orvieto . . 316.6 29,047 Civita Vecchia 380.0 20,701 See also:

• FROSINONE (anc. Frusino)

Frosinone, with Pontecorvo 739'9 154,559 Benevento . . . . 61.3 23,176 16,000•8 3,124,758 The divisions shown above were adopted on the 21st of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1827, the legations being ruled by a See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal and the delegations by a See also:

• PRELATE (Lat. praelatus, set above, from praefero, prefer)

prelate . Previously the several districts formally recognized were See also:

• LATIUM

Latium, the Marittima (or sea-See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board) and Campagna, the patrimony of See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter, the duchy of See also:

• CASTRO, INEZ DE (d. 1355)
• CASTRO, JOAO DE (1500-1548)

Castro, the Orvietano, the Sabina, See also:

• UMBRIA
• UMBRIA ('Opj3pucrl)

Umbria, the See also:

• PERUGINO, PIETRO (1446-1524)

Perugino, the See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March of Ancona, Romagna, the Bolognese, the Ferrarese, and the duchies of Benevento and of Pontecorvo . The former papal territories are now comprised within the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian provinces of Bologna, Ferrara, Forli, Ravenna, Pesaro and Urbino, Ancona, Macerata, Ascoli-Piceno, Perugia, Rome and Benevento . The question of the origin of the territorial See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction of the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope is treated under PAPACY . With the moral and ecclesiastical decay of the papacy in the 9th and loth centuries much of its territorial authority slipped from its grasp; and by the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 11th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century its See also:

• RULE

rule was not recognized beyond Rome and the immediate vicinity . By the treaty of See also:

• SUTRI (anc. Sutrium)

Sutri (See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1 111) See also:

• PASCHAL (Paschalis)

Paschal II. was compelled by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry V. to surrender all the possessions and royalties of the Church; but this treaty was soon afterwards repudiated, and by the will of See also:

• MATILDA (1046-1115)
• MATILDA (1102-1164)

Matilda, countess of Tuscany, the papal see was enabled to See also:

• LAY

lay claim to new territories of See also:

• GREAT

great value . By the See also:

• CAPITULATION (Lat. capitulum, a little head or division; capitulare, to treat upon terms)

capitulation of See also:

• NEUSS

Neuss (1201) the emperor See also:

• OTTO

Otto IV. recognized the papal authority over the whole See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract from Radicofani in Tuscany to the pass of Ceperano on the Neapolitan frontier—the exarchate of Ravenna, the Pentapolis, the March of Ancona, the bishopric of Spoleto, Matilda's See also:

• PERSONAL

personal estates, and the countship of Brittenoro; but a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• DEAL

deal of the territory thus described remained for centuries an See also:

• OBJECT

object of ambition only on the See also:

• PART

part of the popes . The actual See also:

• ANNEXATION (Lat. ad, to, and nexus, joining)

annexation of Ravenna, Ancona, Bologna, Ferrara, &c., See also:

• DATES

dates from the 16th century .

The States of the Church were of course submerged for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time by the ground-swell of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French Revolution, but they appeared again in 1814 . In 1849 they received a constitution . On the formation of the kingdom of Italy in 186o they were reduced to the Comarca of Rome, the See also:

• LEGATION (Lat. legalio, a sending or mission)

legation of Velletri, and the three delegations of Viterbo, Civita Vecchia and Frosinone; and in 187o they disappeared from the See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• MAP
• MAP (or MAPES), WALTER (d. c. 1208/9)

map of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . See ITALY: See also:

• HISTORY

History .