See also:

• JAN

JAN HAVICKSZ See also:

• JAN HAVICKSZ STEEN (1626-1.679)

STEEN (1626-1.679)  , Dutch subject-painter, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• LEIDEN

Leiden in 1626, the son of a See also:

• BREWER, JOHN SHERREN (1810-1879)

brewer of the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . He studied at See also:

• UTRECHT
• UTRECHT, TREATY OF

Utrecht ,under See also:

• NICOLAS
• NICOLAS, SIR NICHOLAS HARRIS (1799–1848)

Nicolas Knupfer, a See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical painter, Dr See also:

• BODE, JOHANN ELERT (1747–1826)

Bode suggests that, before entering Knupfer's studio, See also:

• JAN

Jan See also:

• STEEN, JAN HAVICKSZ (1626-1.679)

Steen took See also:

• DRAWING

drawing lessons from See also:

• JACOB
• JACOB, JOHN (1812-1858)

Jacob de Wet in See also:

• HAARLEM

Haarlem . He bases his theory on the See also:

• INTERNAL

internal See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of such See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early pictures as the " See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

Market at Leiden " (Staedel See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute, See also:

• FRANKFORT

Frankfort), the See also:

• KERMESSE (also KERMIS and KIRMESS)

Kermesse " (A. von See also:

• GOLDSCHMIDT, HERMANN (1802-1866)

Goldschmidt-See also:

• ROTHSCHILD

Rothschild, BerIin), " Calling for the See also:

• BRIDE (a common Teutonic word, e.g..Goth. bruths, O. Eng. bryd, O. H. Ger. prs2t, Mod. Ger. Bract, Dut. bruid, possibly derived from the root bru-, cook, brew; from the med. latinized form bruta, in the sense of daughter-in-law, is derived the Fr. bru)

Bride (Six Collection, See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam), and " St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John's See also:

• SERMON (Lat. sermo, a discourse)

Sermon" (See also:

• DESSAU

Dessau See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle) . About the See also:

• YEAR

year 1644 Steen went to Haarlem, where he worked under -See also:

• ADRIAN
• ADRIAN, SAINT

Adrian See also:

• VAN

van See also:

• OSTADE

Ostade and under Jan van See also:

• GOYEN, JAN JOSEPHSZOON VAN (1596-1656)

Goyen, whose daughter he married-. in 1649 . 'In the previous year h< had joined the painters' gild of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city . In 1667 he is said to have been a brewer at See also:

• DELFT

Delft; in 1669 a small See also:

• DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt of ten florins owing to an See also:

• APOTHECARY (from the Lat. apothecarius, a keeper of an apotheca, Gr. aroth is , a store)

apothecary led to the seizure and See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale of his pictures; and in 1672 he received municipal authority to open a See also:

• TAVERN

tavern . In 1673 he took a second wife, Maria van See also:

• EGMONT (EGMOND), LAMORAL, COUNT OF
• EGMONT, EARLS OF

Egmont, the widow of a' bookseller in Leiden . The accounts of his See also:

• LIFE

life, however, are very confusing and conflicting . Some biographers have asserted that he was a drunkard. and of dissolute. life, but the number of his See also:

• WORKS

works—Van Westrheene, in his Jan Steen, etude sur See also:

• PART

Part en See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland, has catalogued nearly five See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred and Hofstede de See also:

• GROOT, GERHARD (1340—1384)

Groot about See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double that number—seems euf lcient in itself to disprove the See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge..., His later pictures See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear marks pf haste and. are less carefully finished than those of his earlier, See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period . He died at Leiden in 1679 . 'The works.of Jan Steen are distinguished by correctness. of drawing, admirable freedom and. spirit of See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch, and clearness and transparency of colouring . But their true greatness is, due to their intellectual qualities .

In the, wide range of his subjects, and their dramatic See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, he surpasses all the Dutch figure-painters, with the single -exception of See also:

• REMBRANDT (1606-1669)

Rembrandt . His productions range from the stately interiors of See also:

• GRAVE

grave and wealthy citizens to tavern scenes of jollity and debauch . He painted chemists in their laboratories, doctors at the bedside of their patients, card-parties, See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage' feasts, and the festivals of St See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas and Twelfth, See also:

• NIGHT

Night—even religious subjects, though in these he was least successful . His rendering of See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children is especially delightful, . Dealing often with the coarser See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of things, his See also:

• WORK

work. is full of See also:

• HUMOUR (Latin humor)

humour; he depicts the See also:

• COMEDY

comedy of human life in a spirit of very genial -See also:

• TOLERATION (from Lat. tolerare, to endure)

toleration, but now and again there appear keenly telling touches of See also:

• SATIRE (Lat. satira, satura; see below)

satire which recall a pictorial moralist such as See also:

• HOGARTH, WILLIAM (1697–1764)

Hogarth . Portraits from his See also:

• BRUSH (from Fr. brosse, which, like the English word, means both the undergrowth of a wood and the instrument; if the word in both these meanings is ultimately the same, then the origin is from a bundle of brushwood used as a brush or broom, but this is h
• BRUSH, GEORGE DE FOREST (1855– )

brush are comparatively, rare . The best known is the portrait of himself at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam . The See also:

• NATIONAL

National See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

Gallery contains three pictures by Jan Steen, of which the " See also:

• MUSIC

Music See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

Master " is the most important, and other excellent, examples. of his See also:

• ART

art in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England are preserved in the Royal,, the See also:

• BUTE
• BUTE, JOHN STUART, 3RD EARL OF (1713-1792)

Bute, and the See also:

• NORTHBROOK, THOMAS GEORGE BARING, 1ST EARL OF (1826-1904)

Northbrook collections, at Apsley See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House and See also:

• BRIDGEWATER, FRANCIS EGERTON, 3RP DUKE OF (1736-1803)
• BRIDGEWATER, FRANCIS HENRY EGERTON

Bridgewater House, and in the galleries of the See also:

• HAGUE, THE (in Dutch, 's Gravenhage, or, abbreviated, den Haag; in Fr. La Haye; and in Late Lat. Haga Comitis)

Hague, Amsterdam; and the Hermitage, St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg .