atomic See also:

• WEIGHT

weight 87.62 See also:

• atomic weight 87.62 STRONTIUM [Symbol Sr (0=16)]

STRONTIUM [See also:

• SYMBOL (Gr. o-uµ(3oXov, a sign)

Symbol Sr (0=16)]  , a metallic chemical See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element belonging to the alkaline See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth See also:

• GROUP

group . It is found in small quantities very widely distributed in various rocks and soils, and in See also:

• MINERAL

mineral See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters; its See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• SOURCES

sources are the minerals See also:

• STRONTIANITE

strontianite, See also:

• CELESTINE (CAELESTINUS)
• CELESTINE, or CELESTITE

celestine and barytocelestine . The See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal was detected in the mineral strontianite, found at Strontian in See also:

• ARGYLLSHIRE

Argyllshire, by See also:

• CRUIKSHANK, GEORGE (1792–1878)

Cruikshank in 1787, and by See also:

• CRAWFORD, EARLS OF
• CRAWFORD, FRANCIS MARION (1854–1909)
• CRAWFORD, THOMAS (1814–1857)
• CRAWFORD, WILLIAM HARRIS (1772–1834)

Crawford in 1790; and the See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery was confirmed by See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

Hope in 1792 and by See also:

• KLAPROTH, HEINRICH JULIUS (1783-1835)
• KLAPROTH, MARTIN HEINRICH (1743-1817)

Klaproth in 1793 . The metal was isolated in 1807 by See also:

• SIR

Sir H . See also:

• DAVY, SIR HUMPHRY

Davy by electrolysing the moist hydroxide or chloride, and has been obtained by A . Guntz and See also:

• ROEDERER, PIERRE LOUIS, COMTE (1754-1835)

Roederer (Comptes rendus, 1906, 142, p . 400) by See also:

• HEATING

heating the hydride in a vacuum to See also:

• I000

I000° . By electrolysing an aqueous See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of the chloride with a See also:

• MERCURY
• MERCURY (MERCU1uus)
• MERCURY (symbol Hg, atomic weight = 2oo)

mercury See also:

• CATHODE

cathode, a liquid and a solid See also:

• AMALGAM

amalgam, SrHg11, are obtained; the latter on heating gives a mixture of Sr2Hgs and SrH$6, and on See also:

• DISTILLATION (from the Lat. distillare, more correctly destillare, to drop or trickle down)

distillation an amalgam passes over, and not the metal . It is a See also:

• SILVER

silver-See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white ductile metal (of specific gravity 2.54) which melts at 800° . It oxidizes rapidly when exposed to See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air, and See also:

• BURNS, JOHN (1858– )
• BURNS, ROBERT (1759-1796)
• BURNS, SIR GEORGE

burns when heated in air, See also:

• OXYGEN (symbol 0, atomic weight 16)

oxygen, See also:

• CHLORINE (symbol Cl, atomic weight 35`46 (0=16)

chlorine, See also:

• BROMINE (symbol Br, atomic weight 79-96)

bromine or See also:

• SULPHUR

sulphur vapour . With dry See also:

• AMMONIA (NH3)

ammonia at 6o° the metal forms See also:

• STRONTIUM [Symbol Sr, atomic weight 87.62 (0=16)]

strontium ammonium, which slowly decomposes in a vacuum at 2o° giving Sr(NH3)2 ; with See also:

• CARBON (symbol C, atomic weight 12)

carbon monoxide it gives Sr(CO)2; with oxygen it forms the monoxide and peroxide, and with nitric See also:

• OXIDE

oxide it gives the hyponitrite (Roederer, See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

Bull. See also:

• SAC

sac. chim., 1906 [iii.], 35, P . 715)• The hydride, SrH2, was obtained by Guntz on heating strontium amalgam in a current of See also:

• HYDROGEN [symbol H, atomic weight x-oo8 (0=16)]

hydrogen .

It is a white solid, which readily decomposes See also:

• WATER

water in the See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold and behaves as a strong reducing See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent . It dissociates when heated to a high temperature and is not affected by oxygen . The monoxide or strontia, Sr(); is formed by strongly heating the nitrate, or commercially by heating the sulphide or carbonate in superheated See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam (at about 500-60o° C.) . It is a white amorphous See also:

• POWDER (through O. Fr. puldre, modern poudre, from Lat. pulvis, pulveris, dust)

powder which resembles See also:

• LIME
• LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

lime in its See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character . By heating the amorphous See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form in the electric See also:

• FURNACE

furnace H . See also:

• MOISSAN, HENRI (1852-1907)

Moissan succeeded in obtaining a crystalline variety . The amorphous form readily slakes with water, and the aqueous solution yields a crystalline hydrated hydroxide approximating in See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition to Sr(OH)2.8H20 or Sr(OH)2.9H20, which on See also:

• STANDING

standing in vacuo loses some of its water of See also:

• CRYSTALLIZATION

crystallization, leaving the monohydrated hydroxide, Sr(OH)2-H20 . The See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary hydrated variety forms quadratic crystals and behaves as a strong See also:

• BASE

base . It is used in the extraction of See also:

• SUGAR

sugar from See also:

• MOLASSES

molasses, since it combines with the sugar to form a soluble saccharate, which is removed and then decomposed by carbon dioxide . A hydrated dioxide, approximating in composition to SrO2'8H20, is formed as a crystalline precipitate when hydrogen peroxide is added to an aqueous solution of strontium hydroxide . Strontium fluoride, SrF2, is obtained by the See also:

• ACTION

action of hydrofluoric See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid on the carbonate, or by the addition of See also:

• POTASSIUM [symbol K (from kalium), atomic weight 39.114 0=16)]

potassium fluoride to strontium chloride solution . It may be obtained crystalline by fusing the anhydrous chloride with a large excess of potassium hydrogen fluoride or by heating the amorphous variety to redness with an excess of an alkaline chloride .

Strontium chloride, SrCl2.6H20, is obtained by dissolving the carbonate in hydrochloric acid, or by fusing the carbonate with See also:

• CALCIUM [symbol Ca, atomic weight 40.0 (o= x6)]

calcium chloride and extracting the melt with water . It crystallizes in small See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour-less needles and is easily soluble in water; the concentrated aqueous solution dissolves bromine and See also:

• IODINE (symbol I, atomic weight '26.92)

iodine readily . By concentrating the aqueous solution between 90-130° C., or by passing hydrochloric acid See also:

• GAS

gas into a saturated aqueous solution, a second hydrated form of composition, SrC12.2H20, is obtained . The anhydrous chloride is formed by heating strontium or its monoxide in chlorine, or by heating the hydrated chloride in a current of hydrochloric acid gas . It is a white solid, which combines with gaseous ammonia to form SrCl2 8NH3, and when heated in superheated steam it decomposes with See also:

• EVOLUTION

evolution of hydrochloric acid . Strontium sulphide, SrS, is formed when the carbonate is heated to redness in a stream of sulphuretted hydrogen . It phosphoresces very slightly when pure . Strontium sulphate, SrSO4, found in the mineral See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom as celestine, is formed when sulphuric acid or a soluble sulphate is added to a solution of a strontium See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt . It is a colourless, amorphous solid, which is almost insoluble in water, its solubility diminishing with increasing temperature; it' is appreciably soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid . When boiled with alkaline See also:

• CARBONATES

carbonates it is converted into strontium carbonate . Strontium nitride, Sr3N2, is formed when strontium amalgam is heated to redness in a stream of See also:

• NITROGEN [symbol N., atomic weight 14.01, 0=16]

nitrogen or by igniting the oxide with See also:

• MAGNESIUM [symbol Mg, atomic weight 24.32 (0 = 16)]

magnesium (H . R .

See also:

• ELLIS (originally SHARPE), ALEXANDER JOHN (1814-189o)
• ELLIS, GEORGE (1753-1815)
• ELLIS, ROBINSON (1834- )
• ELLIS, SIR HENRY (1777-1869)
• ELLIS, WILLIAM (1794 – 1872)

Ellis, Chem . See also:

• NEWS

News, 1909, 99, p . 4) . It is readily decomposed by water, with liberation of ammonia . Strontium nitrate, Sr(NOa)2, is obtained by dissolving the carbonate in dilute nitric acid . It crystallizes from water (in which it is very soluble) in See also:

• MONOCLINIC

monoclinic prisms which approximate in composition to Sr(N0a)2-4H20 or Sr(NOa)2-5H20 . When heated it fuses in its own water of crystallization and becomes anhydrous at See also:

• ITO, HIROBUMI, PRINCE (1841-1909)

Ito° C . It is used in pyrotechny for the manufacture of red-See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire . A strontium boride, SrB6, was obtained as a See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black crystalline powder by H . Moissan and P . See also:

• WILLIAMS
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1582-1650)
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1796-1839)
• WILLIAMS, ROGER (c. 1604–1684)
• WILLIAMS, ROWLAND (1817-1870)
• WILLIAMS, SIR WILLIAM FENWICK

Williams (Comptes rendus, 1897, 123, p . 633) by reducing the borate with See also:

• ALUMINIUM (symbol Al; atomic weight 27.0)

aluminium in the electric furnace .

Strontium See also:

• CARBIDE

carbide, SrC2, is obtained by heating strontium carbonate with carbon in the electric furnace . It resembles calcium carbide, decomposing rapidly with water, giving See also:

• ACETYLENE

acetylene . Strontium carbonate, SrCO3, found in the mineral kingdom as sttontianite, is formed when a solution of a carbonate is added to one of a strontium salt . It is an amorphous solid, insoluble in water, but its solubility is increased in the presence of ammonium nitrate . It loses carbon dioxide when heated to high temperature . Strontium salts may be recognized by the characteristic See also:

• CRIMSON

crimson colour they impart to the See also:

• FLAME (Lat. flamma; the root flag- appears in flagrare, to burn, blaze, and Gr. d, XEryew)

flame of the See also:

• BUNSEN, CHRISTIAN CHARLES JOSIAS, BARON VON (1791-186o,)
• BUNSEN, ROBERT WILHELM VON (1811-1899)

Bunsen burner and by the precipitation of the insoluble sulphate . On the preparation ofpure strontium salts, see See also:

• ADRIAN
• ADRIAN, SAINT

Adrian and Bougarel, Journ. pharm. chem., 1892 (5), p . 345; and S . P . L . Soerenoen, Zeit. anorg. chem., 1895, II, p . 305 .

See also:

• RECENT

Recent determinations of the atomic See also:

• WEIGHT

weight of strontium are due to "T . W . See also:

• RICHARDS, ALFRED BATE (182o-1876)
• RICHARDS, HENRY BRINLEY (1819-1865)
• RICHARDS, WILLIAM TROST (1833-1905)

Richards (Zeit. anorg . Chem., 1905, 47, p . 145), who, by estimating the ratios of strontium bromide and chloride to silver, obtained the values 87.663 and 87.661 .