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JAMES EWELL BROWN STUART (1833-1864)

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 1047 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JAMES See also:EWELL See also:BROWN See also:STUART (1833-1864)  , See also:American soldier, was See also:born in See also:Virginia on fhe 6th of See also:February 1833 and entered See also:West Point military See also:academy in 185o . Commissioned in 1854 second See also:lieutenant of See also:cavalry, he saw considerable service in See also:Indian warfare, and took See also:part also in the repression of See also:civil disorder in See also:Kansas . In 1855 he had married a daughter of See also:Colonel See also:Philip St See also:George See also:Cooke, who was regarded as the most capable cavalry officer in the See also:United States service, and gave his son-in-See also:law the benefit of his experience and See also:judgment . In 1859 See also:Stuart, while staying in See also:Washington on See also:official business, was sent to assist Colonel R . E . See also:Lee in the suppression of the See also:John See also:Brown See also:raid on Harper's See also:Ferry . Two years later the Civil See also:War presaged by the Kansas troubles and John Brown's expedition See also:broke out, and when Virginia seceded Stuart resigned his See also:commission in the United States See also:army to See also:share in the See also:defence of his See also:state . He had resigned as a lieutenant--a notification of his promotion to See also:captain had actually crossed his See also:letter of resignation in the See also:post—but trained See also:officers, especially of cavalry, were so scarce that he was at once made a colonel . With very little delay, and with the scantiest of formal training, his See also:regiment was mustered into the Confederate army, and assigned to See also:Joseph See also:Johnston's force in the See also:Shenandoah Valley . His men were mounted on their own horses, knew the See also:country thoroughly, and in his capable hands soon made themselves proficient in outpost See also:duty . In the opening See also:campaign Stuart's command acted as a See also:screen to See also:cover Johnston's See also:movement on See also:Manassas, and at the first See also:battle of See also:Bull Run which followed, Stuart distinguished himself by his See also:personal bravery . During the autumn and See also:winter of 1861 he continued his outpost service and was somewhat severely handled by See also:General Ord's force at the See also:action of Dranesville .

He was now promoted brigadier-general and placed in command of the cavalry See also:

brigade of the army of See also:Northern Virginia . Just before the Seven Days' Battle (q.v.) he was sent out by Lee to locate the right flank of McClellan's army, and not only successfully achieved his See also:mission, but rode right See also:round McClellan's See also:rear to deliver his See also:report to Lee at See also:Richmond . After the battle of Gaines's See also:Mill on the 27th of See also:June Stuart's cavalry raided McClellan's abandoned See also:line of communication with See also:White See also:House, and his dismounted riflemen, aided by a See also:light See also:howitzer, successfully engaged a Federal gunboat on the Pamunkey . But such romantic and far-ranging raids on this occasion, as on several others, contributed little or nothing to the success of the army as a whole .

End of Article: JAMES EWELL BROWN STUART (1833-1864)
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