See also:

• LUCIUS

LUCIUS See also:

• CORNELIUS
• CORNELIUS, CARL AUGUST PETER (1824-1874)
• CORNELIUS, PETER VON (1784–1867)

CORNELIUS See also:

• LUCIUS CORNELIUS SULLA (138–78 B.C.)

SULLA (138–78 B.C.)  , surnamed See also:

• FELIX
• FELIX, ANTONIUS
• FELIX, LIA (1830– )

Felix, See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, politician and See also:

• DICTATOR (from the Lat. dictare, frequentative of dicere, to speak)

dictator, belonged to a See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor and impoverished See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the famous patrician Cornelian gens . He received a careful See also:

• EDUCATION

education, and was a devoted student of literature and See also:

• ART

art . His See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• ADVANCEMENT

advancement was slow, and he did not obtain the quaestorship until 107, when he served in the Jugurthine_war under See also:

• MARIUS, GAIUS (r55–86 B.c.)

Marius in See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa . In this he greatly distinguished himself, and claimed the See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit of having terminated the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war by capturing Jugurtha himself . In these See also:

• AFRICAN

African See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns See also:

• SULLA, LUCIUS CORNELIUS (138–78 B.C.)

Sulla showed that he knew how to win the confidence of his soldiers, and throughout his career the See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret of his success seems to have been the enthusiastic devotion of his troops, whom he continued to hold well in See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, while allowing them to indulge in plundering and all kinds of excess . From 104 to 101 he served again under Marius in the war with the See also:

• CIMBRI

Cimbri and Teutones and fought in the last See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• BATTLE

battle in the Raudian plains near See also:

• VERONA
• VERONA, CONGRESS OF

Verona . It was at this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time that Marius's See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy of his See also:

• LEGATE (Lat. legatus, past part. of legare, to send as deputy)
• LEGATE, BARTHOLOMEW (c. 1575-1612)

legate laid the See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations of their future rivalry and mutual hatred . When the war was over, Sulla, on his return to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, lived quietly for some years and took no See also:

• PART

part in politics . In 93 he was elected See also:

• PRAETOR (Lat. prae-itor, " he who goes before," "a leader")

praetor after a lavish squandering of See also:

• MONEY

money, and he delighted the populace with an See also:

• EXHIBITION

exhibition of a See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred lions from Africa . Next See also:

• YEAR

year (92) he went as propraetor of See also:

• CILICIA

Cilicia with See also:

• SPECIAL

special authority from the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate to make See also:

• MITHRADATES

Mithradates VI. of See also:

• PONTUS

Pontus restore See also:

• CAPPADOCIA

Cappadocia to See also:

• ARIOBARZANES

Ariobarzanes, one of Rome's dependants in See also:

• ASIA

Asia . Sulla with a small See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army soon won a victory over the general of Mithradates, and Rome's client-See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king was restored . An See also:

• EMBASSY

embassy from the Parthians now came to solicit See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance with Rome, and Sulla was the first Roman who held See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic intercourse with that remote See also:

• PEOPLE

people .

In the year 91, which brought with it the imminent prospect of sweeping political See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change, with the enfranchisement of the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian peoples, Sulla returned to Rome, and it was generally See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt that he was the See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man to See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead the conservative and aristocratic party . Meanwhile Mithradates and the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East were forgotten in the crisis of the Social or See also:

• ITALIC

Italic War, which See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out in 91 and threatened Rome's very existence . The services of both Marius and Sulla were given; but Sulla was the more successful, or, at any See also:

• RATE

rate, the more fortunate . Of the Italian peoples Rome's old foes the See also:

• SAMNITES

Samnites were the most formidable; these Sulla vanquished, and took their See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• TOWN

town, See also:

• BOVIANUM

Bovianum . In recognition of this and other brilliant services, he was elected See also:

• CONSUL
• CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)

consul in 88, and brought the revolt to an end by the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• NOLA

Nola in See also:

• CAMPANIA

Campania . The question of the command of the army against Mithradates again came to the front . The senate had already chosen Sulla; but the See also:

• TRIBUNE (med. Lat. tribune, from classical Lat. tribunal)

tribune Publius Sulpicius See also:

• RUFUS, GAIUS VALGIUS
• RUFUS, LUCIUS VARIUS (c 74—14 B.c.)

Rufus moved that Marius should have the command . Rioting took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place at Rome at the prompting of the popular leaders, Sulla narrowly escaping to his legions in Campania, whence he marched on Rome, being the first Roman who entered the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of a Roman army . Sulpicius was put to See also:

• DEATH

death, and Marius fled; and he and his party were crushed for the time . Sulla, leaving things quiet at Rome, quitted See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy in 87, and for the next four years he was winning victory after victory against the armies of Mithradates and accumulating boundless See also:

• PLUNDER

plunder . See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens, the headquarters of the Mithradatic cause, was taken and sacked in 86; and in the same year, at See also:

• CHAERONEIA, or CHAERONEA

Chaeroneia, the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip II. of Macedon's victory more than two and a See also:

• HALF

half centuries before, and in the year following, at the neighbouring See also:

• ORCHOMENUS (local form on coins and inscriptions, Erchomenos)

Orchomenus, he scattered immense hosts of the enemy with trifling loss to himself . See also:

• CROSSING

Crossing the See also:

• HELLESPONT (i.e. " Sea of Helle "; variously named in classical literature `EXX oirov-ros, o "EXXns a6vros, Hellespontum Pelagus, and Rectum Hellesponticum)

Hellespont in 84 into Asia, he was joined by the troops of C .

Flavius See also:

• FIMBRIA, GAIUS FLAVIUS (d. 84 B.C.)

Fimbria, who soon deserted their general, a man sent out by the Marian party, now again in the ascendant at Rome . The same year See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace was concluded with Mithradates on See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition that he should be put back to the position he held before the war; but, as he raised objections, he had in the end to content himself with being simply a See also:

• VASSAL (Fr. vassal, vassaut, vassault, &c,)

vassal of Rome . Sulla returned to Italy in 83, landing at See also:

• BRUNDISIUM (Gr. Bpevrkwv, mod. Brindisi)

Brundisium, having previously informed the senate of the result of his campaigns in See also:

• GREECE

Greece and Asia, and announced his presence on Italian ground . He further complained of the See also:

• ILL

ill-treatment to which his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends and partisans had been subjected during his See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence . Marius had died in 86, and the revolutionary party, specially represented by L . See also:

• CORNELIUS
• CORNELIUS, CARL AUGUST PETER (1824-1874)
• CORNELIUS, PETER VON (1784–1867)

Cornelius See also:

• CINNA
• CINNA, GAIUS HELVIUS

Cinna, Cn . Papirius See also:

• CARBO

Carbo and the younger Marius, had massacred Sulla's supporters wholesale, confiscated his See also:

• PROPERTY

property, and declared him a public enemy . They felt they must resist him to the death, and with the troops scattered throughout Italy, and the newly enfranchised Italians, to whom it was understood that Sulla was bitterly hostile, they counted confidently on success . But on Sulla's advance at the head of bis 40,000 veterans many of them lost See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart and deserted their leaders, while the Italians themselves, whom he confirmed in their new privileges, were won over to his See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side . Only the Samnites, who were as yet without the Roman See also:

• FRANCHISE (from 0. Fr. franchise, freedom, franc, free)

franchise, remained his enemies, and it seemed as if the old war between Rome and Samnium had to be fought once again . Several Roman nobles . among them Gnaeus Pompeius (See also:

• POMPEY

Pompey the Great), Q .

See also:

• CAECILIUS

Caecilius See also:

• METELLUS

Metellus See also:

• PIUS

Pius, See also:

• MARCUS

Marcus See also:

• LICINIUS

Licinius See also:

• CRASSUS (literally " dense," " thick," " fat ")

Crassus, Marcus Licinius See also:

• LUCULLUS

Lucullus, joined Sulla, and in the following year (82) he won a decisive victory over the younger Marius near See also:

• PRAENESTE (mod. Palestrina)

Praeneste (mod . See also:

• PALESTRINA, GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI DA (1526-1594)

Palestrina) and then marched upon Rome, where again, just before his defeat of Marius, there had been a great See also:

• MASSACRE

massacre of his adherents, in which the learned jurist Q . Mucius See also:

• SCAEVOLA

Scaevola perished . Rome was at the same time in extreme peril from the advance of a Samnite army, and was barely saved by Sulla, who, after a hard-fought battle, routed the enemy under Pontius Telesinus at the Colline See also:

• GATE

gate of Rome . With the death of the younger Marius, who killed himself after the surrender of Praeneste, the See also:

• CIVIL

civil war was at an end, and Sulla was See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of Rome and of the Roman See also:

• WORLD

world . Then came the memorable " proscription," when for the first time in Roman See also:

• HISTORY

history a See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of men declared to be outlaws and public enemies was exhibited in the See also:

• FORUM (Lat. from foris, " out of doors ")

forum, and a reign of terror began throughout Rome and Italy . The See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of " dictator " was revived and Sulla was in fact See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor of Rome . After celebrating a splendid See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph for the Mithradatic War, and assuming the surname of " Felix " (" Epaphroditus," " See also:

• VENUS

Venus's favourite," 1 he styled himself in addressing Greeks), he carried in 8o and 79 his great political reforms (see RoME: History, II . " The See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

Republic") . The See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• OBJECT

object of these was to invest the senate, which he recruited with a number of his own party, with full See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control over the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, over every See also:

• MAGISTRATE (Lat. magistratus, from magister, master, properly a public office, hence the person holding such an office)

magistrate and every See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province; and the mainstay of his political See also:

• SYSTEM

system was to be the military colonies which he had established with grants of See also:

• LAND

land throughout every part of Italy, to the ruin of the old Italian freeholders and farmers, who from this time dwindled away, leaving whole districts See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste and desolate . In 79 Sulla resigned his dictatorship and retired to See also:

• PUTEOLI (mod. Pozzuoli, q.v.)

Puteoli (mod . See also:

• POZZUOLI (anc. Puteoli, q.v.)

Pozzuoli), where he died in the following year, probably from the bursting of a See also:

• BLOOD

blood-See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel .

The See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story that he See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell a victim to a disease similar to that which cut off one of the Herods (Acts xii . 23) is probably an invention of his enemies . The " half See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

lion, half See also:

• FOX
• FOX, C
• FOX, CHARLES JAMES (1749-1806)
• FOX, EDWARD (c. 1496-1538)
• FOX, GEORGE (1624-1691)
• FOX, RICHARD (c. 1448-1528)
• FOX, ROBERT WERE (1789—1877)
• FOX, SIR STEPHEN (1627–1716)
• FOX, SIR WILLIAM (1812-1893)

fox," as his enemies called him, the " See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don Juan of politics " (See also:

• MOMMSEN, THEODOR (1817–1903)

Mommsen), the man who carried out a policy of " blood and See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron " with a grim See also:

• HUMOUR (Latin humor)

humour, amused himself in his last days with actors and actresses, with dabbling in See also:

• POETRY

poetry, and completing the See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs (See also:

• COMMENTARII (Lat. = Gr. broµvijµara)

commentarii, inroµvhisara) of his eventful See also:

• LIFE

life (see H . See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter, Historicorum romanorum reliquiae, 1870) . Even then he did not give up his See also:

• INTEREST

interest in state and See also:

• LOCAL

local affairs, and his end is said to have been hastened by a See also:

• FIT

fit of See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion brought on by a remark of the See also:

• QUAESTOR (from Lat. quaero, investigate)

quaestor Granius, who openly asserted that he would See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment of a sum of money due to the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans, since Sulla was on his death-See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed . Sulla sent for him and had him strangled in his presence; in his excitement he broke a blood-vessel and died on the following See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . He was accorded a magnificent public funeral, his See also:

• BODY

body being removed to Rome and buried in the Campus See also:

• MARTIUS, CARL FRIEDRICH PHILIPP VON (1794—1868)

Martius . His See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument See also:

• BORE

bore an inscription written by himself, to the effect that he had always fully repaid the kindnesses of his friends and the wrongs done him by his enemies. l;Iis military See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius was displayed in the Social War and the campaigns against Mithradates; while his constitutional reforms, although doomed to failure from the lack of successors to carry them out, were a triumph of organization . But he massacred his enemies in See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold blood, and exacted vengeance with pitiless and calculated See also:

• CRUELTY (through the O. Fr. crualte, mod. cruaute, from the Lat. crudelitas)

cruelty; he sacrificed everything to his own ambition and the triumph of his party . The See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient authorities for Sulla and his time are his Life by See also:

• PLUTARCH
• PLUTARCH (Gr. llXoi rapxos) (c. A.D. 46–120)

Plutarch (who made use of the Memoirs); See also:

• APPIAN (Gr. 'Aairtavbs)

Appian, See also:

• BELL
• BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
• BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
• BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
• BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
• BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
• BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
• BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
• BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
• BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
• BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
• BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)

Bell. civ.; for the references in See also:

• CICERO

Cicero see See also:

• ORELLI, HANS KONRAD VON (1846- )
• ORELLI, JOHANN CASPAR VON (1787-1849)

Orelli's Onomasticon Tullianum . See also:

• MODERN

Modern See also:

• TREATISES

treatises by C . S .

Zacharia, L . Cornelius S. als Ordner See also:

• DES

des romischen Freystaates (1834); T . Lau, See also:

• LUCIUS

Lucius Cornelius Sulla (1855); E . See also:

• LINDEN

Linden, De See also:

• BELLO, ANDRES (1781–1865)

bello civili Sullano (1896) ; P . Cantalupi, La Guerra civile Sullana in Italia (1892) ; C . W . See also:

• OMAN

Oman, Seven Roman Statesmen (1902); F . D . Gerlach, Marius and Sulla (1856); J . M . Sunden, " De tribunicia potestate a Lucio Sulla imminuta" in Skrifter utgifna of k. humanistika Vetenskapssamfundet i See also:

• UPSALA, or UPPSALA

Upsala, v., 1897, in which it is argued against Mommsen that Sulla did not deprive the tribunes of the right of proposing rogations . See also Mommsen's History of Rome, vol. iii., bk. iv., ch., 8, 9; Drumann, Geschichte Roms, A See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• EPIGRAM

epigram on See also:

• APHRODITE

Aphrodite in the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• ANTHOLOGY

Anthology (Anth .

See also:

• PAL, KRISTO DAS (1839–1884)

Pal., Appendix, 1 . 153) is ascribed to him.2nd ed. by Groebe, ii . 364-432; Pauly-Wissowa, Realencyclopadie, iv . 1522—1566 (See also:

• FROHLICH, ABRAHAM EMANUEL (1796-1865)

Frohlich) . His See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew (as some say, though the degree of relationship cannot be clearly established), PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SULLA was consul in 66 B.C. with P . Autronius Paetus . Both were convicted of See also:

• BRIBERY (from the O. Fr. briberie, begging or vagrancy, bribe, Mid. Lat. briba, signifying a piece of bread given to beggars; the Eng. " bribe " has passed through the meanings of alms, blackmail and extortion, to gifts received or given in order to influ

bribery, and Paetus subsequently joined See also:

• CATILINE [Lucius SERGIUS CATILINA] (C. I08-62 B.C.)

Catiline in his first See also:

• CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy . There is little doubt that Sulla also was implicated; See also:

• SALLUST [Gams SALLUSTIUS CRlspus] (86–34 B.c.)

Sallust does not mention it, but other authorities definitely assert his See also:

• GUILT

guilt . After the second conspiracy he was accused of having taken part in both conspiracies . Sulla was defended by Cicero and See also:

• HORTENSIUS, QUINTUS
• HORTENSIUS, QUINTUS (114—50 B.C.)

Hortensius, and acquitted . There is no doubt that, after his first conviction, Sulla remained very quiet, and, whatever his sympathies may have been, took no active part in the conspiracy . When the civil war broke out, Sulla took the side of See also:

• CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS (102—44 B.c.)
• CAESAR, SIR JULIUS (1557-1558-1636)

Caesar, and commanded the right wing at the battle of Pharsalus .

He died in 45 . See Cicero, See also:

• PRO

Pro Sulla, passim (ed . J . S . See also:

• REID, ROBERT (1862– )
• REID, SIR GEORGE (1841- )
• REID, SIR ROBERT GILLESPIE (184o-19o8)
• REID, SIR WILLIAM (1791-1858)
• REID, THOMAS (1710-1796)
• REID, THOMAS MAYNE (1818-1883)
• REID, WHITELAW (1837- )

Reid, 1882) ; Ad Pam. ix . 10, xv . 17; Dio See also:

• CASSIUS
• CASSIUS, AVIDIUS (d. A.D. 175)
• CASSIUS, GAIUS

Cassius See also:

• XXXVI

xxxvi . 44, See also:

• XXXVII

xxxvii . 25; Suetonius, Caesar, 9; Caesar, Bell. civ., 51, 89; Appian, Bell. civ. ii . 76 .