3RD See also:

• EARL

EARL OF See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES See also:

• SPENCER
• SPENCER, HERBERT (1820-1903)
• SPENCER, JOHN CHARLES SPENCER, 3RD EARL (1782-1845)
• SPENCER, JOHNPOYNTZ SPENCER
• SPENCER, WILLIAM ROBERT (1769-1834)

SPENCER See also:

• SUNDERLAND
• 3RD EARL OF CHARLES SPENCER SUNDERLAND (c. 1674-1722)
• SUNDERLAND, ROBERT SPENCER, 2ND EARL OF (1640-17o2); English politician, was the only son of Henry Spencer (162o--1643)

SUNDERLAND (c. 1674-1722)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English statesman, was the second son of the 2nd See also:

• EARL

earl, but on the See also:

• DEATH

death of his See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1688 he became See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir to the See also:

• PEERAGE
• PEERAGE (Fr. pairage, med. Lat. paragium; M.E. Pere, 0. Fr. per, peer, later pair; Lat. Paris, " equal ")

peerage . Called by See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• EVELYN, JOHN (1620-1706)

Evelyn a youth of extraordinary hopes," he completed his See also:

• EDUCATION

education at See also:

• UTRECHT
• UTRECHT, TREATY OF

Utrecht, and in 1695 entered the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons as member for See also:

• TIVERTON

Tiverton . In the same See also:

• YEAR

year he married Arabella, daughter of Henry See also:

• CAVENDISH
• CAVENDISH, GEORGE (1500-1562?)
• CAVENDISH, HENRY (1731-1810)
• CAVENDISH, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1505-1557)

Cavendish, 2nd See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• NEWCASTLE
• NEWCASTLE, DUKES OF

Newcastle; she died in 1698 and in 1700 he married See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne See also:

• CHURCHILL (MISSINNIPPI or ENGLISH)
• CHURCHILL, CHARLES (1731-1764)
• CHURCHILL, LORD RANDOLPH HENRY SPENCER (1849-1895)

Churchill, daughter of the famous duke of See also:

• MARLBOROUGH
• MARLBOROUGH, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• MARLBOROUGH, JOHN CHURCHILL, 1ST DUKE OF (1650-1722)

Marlborough . This was an important See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance for See also:

• SUNDERLAND
• SUNDERLAND, CHARLES SPENCER, 3RD EARL OF (c. 1674-1722)
• SUNDERLAND, ROBERT SPENCER, 2ND EARL OF (1640-17o2); English politician, was the only son of Henry Spencer (162o--1643)

Sunderland and for his descendants; through it he was introduced to See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• LIFE

life and later the dukedom of See also:

• MARL (from O. Fr. marle, Late Lat. margila, dim. of marga; cf. Du. and Ger. Mergel)

Marl-See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough came to the Spencers . Having succeeded to the peerage in 1702, the earl was one of the commissioners for the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union between See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, and in 1705 he was sent to See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna as See also:

• ENVOY (Fr. envoye, " sent ")

envoy extraordinary . Although he was tinged With republican ideas and had rendered himself See also:

• OBNOXIOUS (Lat. obnoxiosus, from ob, over, against, and noxa, harm)

obnoxious to See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen Anne by opposing the See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant to her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband, See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George, through the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of Marlborough he was foisted into the See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry as secretary of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state for the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department, taking See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1706 . From 1708 to 1710 he was one of the five whigs, called the See also:

• JUNTA (from juntar, to join)

Junta, who dominated the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government. but he had many enemies, the queen still disliked him, and in See also:

• JUNE

June 1710 he was dismissed . Anne offered him a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension of £3000 a year, but this he refused, saying " if he could not have the See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour to serve his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country he would not See also:

• PLUNDER

plunder it." Sunderland continued to take See also:

• PART

part in public life, and was active in communicating with the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• HANOVER
• HANOVER (Ger. Hannover)

Hanover about the steps to be taken in view of the approaching death of the queen . Ile made the acquaintance of George I. in 1706, but when the elector became See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king the office which he secured was the comparatively unimportant one of See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord-See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant of See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland . In See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1715 he joined the See also:

• CABINET

cabinet as lord keeper of the privy See also:

• SEAL
• SEAL, FUR
• SEAL, HAIR

seal, and after a visit to George I. in Hanover he secured in See also:

• APRIL

April 1717 the position of secretary of state for the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern department . This he retained until See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1718, when he became first lord of the See also:

• TREASURY

treasury, holding also the See also:

• POST

post of lord See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council . He was now See also:

• PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

prime See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister .

Sunderland was especially interested in the proposed peerage See also:

• BILL

bill, a measure designed to limit the number of members of the House of Lords, but this was defeated owing partly to the opposition of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• WALPOLE, HORATIO
• WALPOLE, SIR SPENCER (1839-1907)

Walpole . He was still at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of affairs when the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea bubble burst and this led to his political ruin . He had taken some part in launching the See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme of 1720, but he had not profited financially by it; however, public See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion was roused against him and it was only through the efforts of Sir Robert Walpole that he was acquitted by the House of Commons, when the See also:

• MATTER

matter was investigated . In April 1721 he resigned his offices, but he retained his influence with George I. until his death on the 19th of April 1722 . Sunderland inherited his See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion for intrigue, while his See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners were repelling, but he stands high among his associates for disinterestedness and had an alert and discerning mind . From his See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early years he had a See also:

• GREAT

great love of books, and he spent his leisure and his See also:

• WEALTH

wealth in forming the library at Althorp, which in 1703 was described as " the finest in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe." In 1749 part of it was removed to See also:

• BLENHEIM (Ger. Blindheim)

Blenheim . The earl's second wife having died in April 1716, after a career of considerable influence on the political life of her See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, in 1717 he married an Irish See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady of See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune, See also:

• JUDITH, THE BOOK OF

Judith Tichborne (d . 1749) . By Lady Anne Churchill he had three sons and two daughters . Robert (1701-1729), the eldest son, succeeded as 4th earl, and See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles (1706-1758), the second son, became the 5th earl . In 1733 Charles• inherited the dukedom of Marlborough and he then transferred the Sunderland estates to his brother John, father of the 1st Earl See also:

• SPENCER
• SPENCER, HERBERT (1820-1903)
• SPENCER, JOHN CHARLES SPENCER, 3RD EARL (1782-1845)
• SPENCER, JOHNPOYNTZ SPENCER
• SPENCER, WILLIAM ROBERT (1769-1834)

Spencer (see MARLBOROUGH, EARLS AND See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

DUKES OF) . For the career of Sunderland see W .

See also:

• COXE, HENRY OCTAVIUS (1811–1881)
• COXE, WILLIAM (1747-1828)

Coxe, See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs of Marlborough, (1847-1848); Earl See also:

• STANHOPE, EARLS
• STANHOPE, LADY HESTER LUCY (1776-1839)

Stanhope, See also:

• HISTORY

History of England (1853), and I, S Leadam, Political History of England, 1702-1760 (1909) .